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diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
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+// Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+//     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+//     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+//     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+//
+// Low-level types and utilities for porting Google Test to various
+// platforms.  All macros ending with _ and symbols defined in an
+// internal namespace are subject to change without notice.  Code
+// outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.  Macros that don't
+// end with _ are part of Google Test's public API and can be used by
+// code outside Google Test.
+//
+// This file is fundamental to Google Test.  All other Google Test source
+// files are expected to #include this.  Therefore, it cannot #include
+// any other Google Test header.
+
+// GOOGLETEST_CM0001 DO NOT DELETE
+
+#ifndef GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+#define GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_
+
+// Environment-describing macros
+// -----------------------------
+//
+// Google Test can be used in many different environments.  Macros in
+// this section tell Google Test what kind of environment it is being
+// used in, such that Google Test can provide environment-specific
+// features and implementations.
+//
+// Google Test tries to automatically detect the properties of its
+// environment, so users usually don't need to worry about these
+// macros.  However, the automatic detection is not perfect.
+// Sometimes it's necessary for a user to define some of the following
+// macros in the build script to override Google Test's decisions.
+//
+// If the user doesn't define a macro in the list, Google Test will
+// provide a default definition.  After this header is #included, all
+// macros in this list will be defined to either 1 or 0.
+//
+// Notes to maintainers:
+//   - Each macro here is a user-tweakable knob; do not grow the list
+//     lightly.
+//   - Use #if to key off these macros.  Don't use #ifdef or "#if
+//     defined(...)", which will not work as these macros are ALWAYS
+//     defined.
+//
+//   GTEST_HAS_CLONE          - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that clone(2)
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS     - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that exceptions
+//                              are enabled.
+//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::string
+//                              is/isn't available
+//   GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that ::wstring
+//                              is/isn't available
+//   GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE       - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that POSIX regular
+//                              expressions are/aren't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD        - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that <pthread.h>
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_RTTI           - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that RTTI is/isn't
+//                              enabled.
+//   GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING    - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that
+//                              std::wstring does/doesn't work (Google Test can
+//                              be used where std::wstring is unavailable).
+//   GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE      - Define it to 1/0 to indicate tr1::tuple
+//                              is/isn't available.
+//   GTEST_HAS_SEH            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
+//                              compiler supports Microsoft's "Structured
+//                              Exception Handling".
+//   GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+//                            - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether the
+//                              platform supports I/O stream redirection using
+//                              dup() and dup2().
+//   GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE  - Define it to 1/0 to indicate whether Google
+//                              Test's own tr1 tuple implementation should be
+//                              used.  Unused when the user sets
+//                              GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE to 0.
+//   GTEST_LANG_CXX11         - Define it to 1/0 to indicate that Google Test
+//                              is building in C++11/C++98 mode.
+//   GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
+//                            - Define to 1 when compiling tests that use
+//                              Google Test as a shared library (known as
+//                              DLL on Windows).
+//   GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
+//                            - Define to 1 when compiling Google Test itself
+//                              as a shared library.
+//   GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
+//                            - The default value of --gtest_death_test_style.
+//                              The legacy default has been "fast" in the open
+//                              source version since 2008. The recommended value
+//                              is "threadsafe", and can be set in
+//                              custom/gtest-port.h.
+
+// Platform-indicating macros
+// --------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating the platform on which Google Test is being used
+// (a macro is defined to 1 if compiled on the given platform;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+//   GTEST_OS_AIX      - IBM AIX
+//   GTEST_OS_CYGWIN   - Cygwin
+//   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD  - FreeBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA  - Fuchsia
+//   GTEST_OS_HPUX     - HP-UX
+//   GTEST_OS_LINUX    - Linux
+//     GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID - Google Android
+//   GTEST_OS_MAC      - Mac OS X
+//     GTEST_OS_IOS    - iOS
+//   GTEST_OS_NACL     - Google Native Client (NaCl)
+//   GTEST_OS_NETBSD   - NetBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_OPENBSD  - OpenBSD
+//   GTEST_OS_QNX      - QNX
+//   GTEST_OS_SOLARIS  - Sun Solaris
+//   GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN  - Symbian
+//   GTEST_OS_WINDOWS  - Windows (Desktop, MinGW, or Mobile)
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP  - Windows Desktop
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW    - MinGW
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE   - Windows Mobile
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE    - Windows Phone
+//     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT       - Windows Store App/WinRT
+//   GTEST_OS_ZOS      - z/OS
+//
+// Among the platforms, Cygwin, Linux, Max OS X, and Windows have the
+// most stable support.  Since core members of the Google Test project
+// don't have access to other platforms, support for them may be less
+// stable.  If you notice any problems on your platform, please notify
+// googletestframework@googlegroups.com (patches for fixing them are
+// even more welcome!).
+//
+// It is possible that none of the GTEST_OS_* macros are defined.
+
+// Feature-indicating macros
+// -------------------------
+//
+// Macros indicating which Google Test features are available (a macro
+// is defined to 1 if the corresponding feature is supported;
+// otherwise UNDEFINED -- it's never defined to 0.).  Google Test
+// defines these macros automatically.  Code outside Google Test MUST
+// NOT define them.
+//
+// These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// which controls that code.  For example:
+//
+// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+//   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
+// #endif
+//
+//   GTEST_HAS_COMBINE      - the Combine() function (for value-parameterized
+//                            tests)
+//   GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST   - death tests
+//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST   - typed tests
+//   GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P - type-parameterized tests
+//   GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE    - Google Test is thread-safe.
+//   GOOGLETEST_CM0007 DO NOT DELETE
+//   GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE    - enhanced POSIX regex is used. Do not confuse with
+//                            GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (see above) which users can
+//                            define themselves.
+//   GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE   - our own simple regex is used;
+//                            the above RE\b(s) are mutually exclusive.
+//   GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL - accepts untyped NULL in EXPECT_EQ().
+
+// Misc public macros
+// ------------------
+//
+//   GTEST_FLAG(flag_name)  - references the variable corresponding to
+//                            the given Google Test flag.
+
+// Internal utilities
+// ------------------
+//
+// The following macros and utilities are for Google Test's INTERNAL
+// use only.  Code outside Google Test MUST NOT USE THEM DIRECTLY.
+//
+// Macros for basic C++ coding:
+//   GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ - for disabling a gcc warning.
+//   GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_  - declares that a class' instances or a
+//                              variable don't have to be used.
+//   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_   - disables operator=.
+//   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_ - disables copy ctor and operator=.
+//   GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_   - declares that a function's result must be used.
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_ - start code section where MSVC C4127 is
+//                                        suppressed (constant conditional).
+//   GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_  - finish code section where MSVC C4127
+//                                        is suppressed.
+//
+// C++11 feature wrappers:
+//
+//   testing::internal::forward - portability wrapper for std::forward.
+//   testing::internal::move  - portability wrapper for std::move.
+//
+// Synchronization:
+//   Mutex, MutexLock, ThreadLocal, GetThreadCount()
+//                            - synchronization primitives.
+//
+// Template meta programming:
+//   is_pointer     - as in TR1; needed on Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ only.
+//   IteratorTraits - partial implementation of std::iterator_traits, which
+//                    is not available in libCstd when compiled with Sun C++.
+//
+// Smart pointers:
+//   scoped_ptr     - as in TR2.
+//
+// Regular expressions:
+//   RE             - a simple regular expression class using the POSIX
+//                    Extended Regular Expression syntax on UNIX-like platforms
+//                    GOOGLETEST_CM0008 DO NOT DELETE
+//                    or a reduced regular exception syntax on other
+//                    platforms, including Windows.
+// Logging:
+//   GTEST_LOG_()   - logs messages at the specified severity level.
+//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
+//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
+//
+// Stdout and stderr capturing:
+//   CaptureStdout()     - starts capturing stdout.
+//   GetCapturedStdout() - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured
+//                         string.
+//   CaptureStderr()     - starts capturing stderr.
+//   GetCapturedStderr() - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured
+//                         string.
+//
+// Integer types:
+//   TypeWithSize   - maps an integer to a int type.
+//   Int32, UInt32, Int64, UInt64, TimeInMillis
+//                  - integers of known sizes.
+//   BiggestInt     - the biggest signed integer type.
+//
+// Command-line utilities:
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_*()  - declares a flag.
+//   GTEST_DEFINE_*()   - defines a flag.
+//   GetInjectableArgvs() - returns the command line as a vector of strings.
+//
+// Environment variable utilities:
+//   GetEnv()             - gets the value of an environment variable.
+//   BoolFromGTestEnv()   - parses a bool environment variable.
+//   Int32FromGTestEnv()  - parses an Int32 environment variable.
+//   StringFromGTestEnv() - parses a string environment variable.
+
+#include <ctype.h>   // for isspace, etc
+#include <stddef.h>  // for ptrdiff_t
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#ifndef _WIN32_WCE
+# include <sys/types.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+#endif  // !_WIN32_WCE
+
+#if defined __APPLE__
+# include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
+# include <TargetConditionals.h>
+#endif
+
+// Brings in the definition of HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.  This must be done
+// BEFORE we test HAS_GLOBAL_STRING.
+#include <string>  // NOLINT
+#include <algorithm>  // NOLINT
+#include <iostream>  // NOLINT
+#include <sstream>  // NOLINT
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>  // NOLINT
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port-arch.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h"
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+# define GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_ "googletestframework@@googlegroups.com"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ "gtest_"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_DASH_ "gtest-"
+# define GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_UPPER_ "GTEST_"
+# define GTEST_NAME_ "Google Test"
+# define GTEST_PROJECT_URL_ "https://github.com/google/googletest/"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DEV_EMAIL_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
+# define GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_ "testing::InitGoogleTest"
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_INIT_GOOGLE_TEST_NAME_)
+
+// Determines the version of gcc that is used to compile this.
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// 40302 means version 4.3.2.
+# define GTEST_GCC_VER_ \
+    (__GNUC__*10000 + __GNUC_MINOR__*100 + __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
+#endif  // __GNUC__
+
+// Macros for disabling Microsoft Visual C++ warnings.
+//
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4800 4385)
+//   /* code that triggers warnings C4800 and C4385 */
+//   GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings) \
+    __pragma(warning(push))                        \
+    __pragma(warning(disable: warnings))
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()          \
+    __pragma(warning(pop))
+#else
+// Older versions of MSVC don't have __pragma.
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(warnings)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
+// Clang on Windows does not understand MSVC's pragma warning.
+// We need clang-specific way to disable function deprecation warning.
+#ifdef __clang__
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()                         \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic push")                                  \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-declarations\"") \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic ignored \"-Wdeprecated-implementations\"")
+#define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_() \
+    _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
+#else
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4996)
+# define GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+#endif
+
+#ifndef GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+// gcc and clang define __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ when
+// -std={c,gnu}++{0x,11} is passed.  The C++11 standard specifies a
+// value for __cplusplus, and recent versions of clang, gcc, and
+// probably other compilers set that too in C++11 mode.
+# if __GXX_EXPERIMENTAL_CXX0X__ || __cplusplus >= 201103L || _MSC_VER >= 1900
+// Compiling in at least C++11 mode.
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_LANG_CXX11 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Distinct from C++11 language support, some environments don't provide
+// proper C++11 library support. Notably, it's possible to build in
+// C++11 mode when targeting Mac OS X 10.6, which has an old libstdc++
+// with no C++11 support.
+//
+// libstdc++ has sufficient C++11 support as of GCC 4.6.0, __GLIBCXX__
+// 20110325, but maintenance releases in the 4.4 and 4.5 series followed
+// this date, so check for those versions by their date stamps.
+// https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/abi.html#abi.versioning
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && \
+    (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || ( \
+        __GLIBCXX__ >= 20110325ul &&  /* GCC >= 4.6.0 */ \
+        /* Blacklist of patch releases of older branches: */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110416ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.6 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120313ul &&  /* GCC 4.4.7 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20110428ul &&  /* GCC 4.5.3 */ \
+        __GLIBCXX__ != 20120702ul))   /* GCC 4.5.4 */
+# define GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11 1
+#endif
+
+// Only use C++11 library features if the library provides them.
+#if GTEST_STDLIB_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_BEGIN_AND_END_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_FORWARD_LIST_ 1
+# if !defined(_MSC_VER) || (_MSC_FULL_VER >= 190023824)
+// works only with VS2015U2 and better
+#   define GTEST_HAS_STD_FUNCTION_ 1
+# endif
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_INITIALIZER_LIST_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_UNIQUE_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_SHARED_PTR_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_MAP_ 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_UNORDERED_SET_ 1
+#endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple.
+// Some platforms still might not have it, however.
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# if defined(__clang__)
+// Inspired by
+// https://clang.llvm.org/docs/LanguageExtensions.html#include-file-checking-macros
+#  if defined(__has_include) && !__has_include(<tuple>)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/dinkumware.hpp
+#  if defined(_CPPLIB_VER) && _CPPLIB_VER < 520
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# elif defined(__GLIBCXX__)
+// Inspired by boost/config/stdlib/libstdcpp3.hpp,
+// http://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-4.2/changes.html and
+// https://web.archive.org/web/20140227044429/gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/manual/bk01pt01ch01.html#manual.intro.status.standard.200x
+#  if __GNUC__ < 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ < 2)
+#   undef GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  endif
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// Brings in definitions for functions used in the testing::internal::posix
+// namespace (read, write, close, chdir, isatty, stat). We do not currently
+// use them on Windows Mobile.
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+#  include <direct.h>
+#  include <io.h>
+# endif
+// In order to avoid having to include <windows.h>, use forward declaration
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW && !defined(__MINGW64_VERSION_MAJOR)
+// MinGW defined _CRITICAL_SECTION and _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION as two
+// separate (equivalent) structs, instead of using typedef
+typedef struct _CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#else
+// Assume CRITICAL_SECTION is a typedef of _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+// This assumption is verified by
+// WindowsTypesTest.CRITICAL_SECTIONIs_RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION.
+typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
+#endif
+#else
+// This assumes that non-Windows OSes provide unistd.h. For OSes where this
+// is not the case, we need to include headers that provide the functions
+// mentioned above.
+# include <unistd.h>
+# include <strings.h>
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// Used to define __ANDROID_API__ matching the target NDK API level.
+#  include <android/api-level.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Defines this to true iff Google Test can use POSIX regular expressions.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, <regex.h> is only available starting with Gingerbread.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (__ANDROID_API__ >= 9)
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE (!GTEST_OS_WINDOWS)
+# endif
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// The appropriate headers have already been included.
+
+#elif GTEST_HAS_POSIX_RE
+
+// On some platforms, <regex.h> needs someone to define size_t, and
+// won't compile otherwise.  We can #include it here as we already
+// included <stdlib.h>, which is guaranteed to define size_t through
+// <stddef.h>.
+# include <regex.h>  // NOLINT
+
+# define GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE 1
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// <regex.h> is not available on Windows.  Use our own simple regex
+// implementation instead.
+# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
+
+#else
+
+// <regex.h> may not be available on this platform.  Use our own
+// simple regex implementation instead.
+# define GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE 1
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// The user didn't tell us whether exceptions are enabled, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) && defined(_CPPUNWIND)
+// MSVC defines _CPPUNWIND to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// C++Builder's implementation of the STL uses the _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+// macro to enable exceptions, so we'll do the same.
+// Assumes that exceptions are enabled by default.
+#  ifndef _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#   define _HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+#  endif  // _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS _HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+// clang defines __EXCEPTIONS iff exceptions are enabled before clang 220714,
+// but iff cleanups are enabled after that. In Obj-C++ files, there can be
+// cleanups for ObjC exceptions which also need cleanups, even if C++ exceptions
+// are disabled. clang has __has_feature(cxx_exceptions) which checks for C++
+// exceptions starting at clang r206352, but which checked for cleanups prior to
+// that. To reliably check for C++ exception availability with clang, check for
+// __EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions).
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS (__EXCEPTIONS && __has_feature(cxx_exceptions))
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+// gcc defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+// Sun Pro CC supports exceptions.  However, there is no compile-time way of
+// detecting whether they are enabled or not.  Therefore, we assume that
+// they are enabled unless the user tells us otherwise.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && __EXCEPTIONS
+// xlC defines __EXCEPTIONS to 1 iff exceptions are enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# elif defined(__HP_aCC)
+// Exception handling is in effect by default in HP aCC compiler. It has to
+// be turned of by +noeh compiler option if desired.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 1
+# else
+// For other compilers, we assume exceptions are disabled to be
+// conservative.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS 0
+# endif  // defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_EXCEPTIONS
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
+// Even though we don't use this macro any longer, we keep it in case
+// some clients still depend on it.
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING 1
+#elif !GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING
+// The user told us that ::std::string isn't available.
+# error "::std::string isn't available."
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_STD_STRING)
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING 0
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+// The user didn't tell us whether ::std::wstring is available, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+// FIXME: uses autoconf to detect whether ::std::wstring
+//   is available.
+
+// Cygwin 1.7 and below doesn't support ::std::wstring.
+// Solaris' libc++ doesn't support it either.  Android has
+// no support for it at least as recent as Froyo (2.2).
+# define GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING \
+    (!(GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS))
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+// The user didn't tell us whether ::wstring is available, so we need
+// to figure it out.
+# define GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING \
+    (GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING && GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// Determines whether RTTI is available.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+// The user didn't tell us whether RTTI is enabled, so we need to
+// figure it out.
+
+# ifdef _MSC_VER
+
+#  ifdef _CPPRTTI  // MSVC defines this macro iff RTTI is enabled.
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif
+
+// Starting with version 4.3.2, gcc defines __GXX_RTTI iff RTTI is enabled.
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40302)
+
+#  ifdef __GXX_RTTI
+// When building against STLport with the Android NDK and with
+// -frtti -fno-exceptions, the build fails at link time with undefined
+// references to __cxa_bad_typeid. Note sure if STL or toolchain bug,
+// so disable RTTI when detected.
+#   if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR) && \
+       !defined(__EXCEPTIONS)
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#   else
+#    define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#   endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && __STLPORT_MAJOR && !__EXCEPTIONS
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif  // __GXX_RTTI
+
+// Clang defines __GXX_RTTI starting with version 3.0, but its manual recommends
+// using has_feature instead. has_feature(cxx_rtti) is supported since 2.7, the
+// first version with C++ support.
+# elif defined(__clang__)
+
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI __has_feature(cxx_rtti)
+
+// Starting with version 9.0 IBM Visual Age defines __RTTI_ALL__ to 1 if
+// both the typeid and dynamic_cast features are present.
+# elif defined(__IBMCPP__) && (__IBMCPP__ >= 900)
+
+#  ifdef __RTTI_ALL__
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 0
+#  endif
+
+# else
+
+// For all other compilers, we assume RTTI is enabled.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_RTTI 1
+
+# endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+
+// It's this header's responsibility to #include <typeinfo> when RTTI
+// is enabled.
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+# include <typeinfo>
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether Google Test can use the pthreads library.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// The user didn't tell us explicitly, so we make reasonable assumptions about
+// which platforms have pthreads support.
+//
+// To disable threading support in Google Test, add -DGTEST_HAS_PTHREAD=0
+// to your compiler flags.
+#define GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD                                             \
+  (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_MAC || GTEST_OS_HPUX || GTEST_OS_QNX || \
+   GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || GTEST_OS_NACL || GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// gtest-port.h guarantees to #include <pthread.h> when GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD is
+// true.
+# include <pthread.h>  // NOLINT
+
+// For timespec and nanosleep, used below.
+# include <time.h>  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Determines if hash_map/hash_set are available.
+// Only used for testing against those containers.
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER < 1900)
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_ 1  // Indicates that hash_map is available.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_HASH_SET_ 1  // Indicates that hash_set is available.
+# endif  // _MSC_VER
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_HAS_HASH_MAP_)
+
+// Determines whether Google Test can use tr1/tuple.  You can define
+// this macro to 0 to prevent Google Test from using tuple (any
+// feature depending on tuple with be disabled in this mode).
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID && defined(_STLPORT_MAJOR)
+// STLport, provided with the Android NDK, has neither <tr1/tuple> or <tuple>.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# elif defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1910)
+// Prevent `warning C4996: 'std::tr1': warning STL4002:
+// The non-Standard std::tr1 namespace and TR1-only machinery
+// are deprecated and will be REMOVED.`
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# elif GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)
+// libc++ doesn't support TR1.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
+// The user didn't tell us not to do it, so we assume it's OK.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// Determines whether Google Test's own tr1 tuple implementation
+// should be used.
+#ifndef GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+// We use our own tuple implementation on Symbian.
+# if GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# else
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+// We use our own TR1 tuple if we aren't sure the user has an
+// implementation of it already.  At this time, libstdc++ 4.0.0+ and
+// MSVC 2010 are the only mainstream standard libraries that come
+// with a TR1 tuple implementation.  NVIDIA's CUDA NVCC compiler
+// pretends to be GCC by defining __GNUC__ and friends, but cannot
+// compile GCC's tuple implementation.  MSVC 2008 (9.0) provides TR1
+// tuple in a 323 MB Feature Pack download, which we cannot assume the
+// user has.  QNX's QCC compiler is a modified GCC but it doesn't
+// support TR1 tuple.  libc++ only provides std::tuple, in C++11 mode,
+// and it can be used with some compilers that define __GNUC__.
+# if (defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__CUDACC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000) \
+      && !GTEST_OS_QNX && !defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION)) \
+      || (_MSC_VER >= 1600 && _MSC_VER < 1900)
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+// C++11 specifies that <tuple> provides std::tuple. Use that if gtest is used
+// in C++11 mode and libstdc++ isn't very old (binaries targeting OS X 10.6
+// can build with clang but need to use gcc4.2's libstdc++).
+# if GTEST_LANG_CXX11 && (!defined(__GLIBCXX__) || __GLIBCXX__ > 20110325)
+#  define GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_ 1
+# endif
+
+# if GTEST_ENV_HAS_TR1_TUPLE_ || GTEST_ENV_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 0
+# else
+#  define GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE 1
+# endif
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+#endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// To avoid conditional compilation we make it gtest-port.h's responsibility
+// to #include the header implementing tuple.
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+# include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export
+# define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_
+
+// We include tr1::tuple even if std::tuple is available to define printers for
+// them.
+#if GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+# ifndef GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+#  define GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_ ::std::tr1
+# endif  // GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_
+
+# if GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+#  include "gtest/internal/gtest-tuple.h"  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# elif GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+
+// On Symbian, BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE causes Boost's TR1 tuple library to
+// use STLport's tuple implementation, which unfortunately doesn't
+// work as the copy of STLport distributed with Symbian is incomplete.
+// By making sure BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE is undefined, we force Boost to
+// use its own tuple implementation.
+#  ifdef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#   undef BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+#  endif  // BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// This prevents <boost/tr1/detail/config.hpp>, which defines
+// BOOST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE, from being #included by Boost's <tuple>.
+#  define BOOST_TR1_DETAIL_CONFIG_HPP_INCLUDED
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+
+# elif defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 40000)
+// GCC 4.0+ implements tr1/tuple in the <tr1/tuple> header.  This does
+// not conform to the TR1 spec, which requires the header to be <tuple>.
+
+#  if !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
+// Until version 4.3.2, gcc has a bug that causes <tr1/functional>,
+// which is #included by <tr1/tuple>, to not compile when RTTI is
+// disabled.  _TR1_FUNCTIONAL is the header guard for
+// <tr1/functional>.  Hence the following #define is used to prevent
+// <tr1/functional> from being included.
+#   define _TR1_FUNCTIONAL 1
+#   include <tr1/tuple>
+#   undef _TR1_FUNCTIONAL  // Allows the user to #include
+                        // <tr1/functional> if they choose to.
+#  else
+#   include <tr1/tuple>  // NOLINT
+#  endif  // !GTEST_HAS_RTTI && GTEST_GCC_VER_ < 40302
+
+// VS 2010 now has tr1 support.
+# elif _MSC_VER >= 1600
+#  include <tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+
+# else  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+#  include <tr1/tuple>  // IWYU pragma: export  // NOLINT
+# endif  // GTEST_USE_OWN_TR1_TUPLE
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE
+
+// Determines whether clone(2) is supported.
+// Usually it will only be available on Linux, excluding
+// Linux on the Itanium architecture.
+// Also see http://linux.die.net/man/2/clone.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
+#  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+// On Android, clone() became available at different API levels for each 32-bit
+// architecture.
+#    if defined(__LP64__) || \
+        (defined(__arm__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 9) || \
+        (defined(__mips__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 12) || \
+        (defined(__i386__) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 17)
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#    else
+#     define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+#    endif
+#  else
+#   define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 1
+#  endif
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CLONE 0
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX && !defined(__ia64__)
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
+
+// Determines whether to support stream redirection. This is used to test
+// output correctness and to implement death tests.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+// By default, we assume that stream redirection is supported on all
+// platforms except known mobile ones.
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || \
+    GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 0
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION 1
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Determines whether to support death tests.
+// Google Test does not support death tests for VC 7.1 and earlier as
+// abort() in a VC 7.1 application compiled as GUI in debug config
+// pops up a dialog window that cannot be suppressed programmatically.
+#if (GTEST_OS_LINUX || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SOLARIS ||   \
+     (GTEST_OS_MAC && !GTEST_OS_IOS) ||                         \
+     (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_DESKTOP && _MSC_VER >= 1400) ||          \
+     GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW || GTEST_OS_AIX || GTEST_OS_HPUX || \
+     GTEST_OS_OPENBSD || GTEST_OS_QNX || GTEST_OS_FREEBSD || \
+     GTEST_OS_NETBSD || GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA)
+# define GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST 1
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether to support type-driven tests.
+
+// Typed tests need <typeinfo> and variadic macros, which GCC, VC++ 8.0,
+// Sun Pro CC, IBM Visual Age, and HP aCC support.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) || (_MSC_VER >= 1400) || defined(__SUNPRO_CC) || \
+    defined(__IBMCPP__) || defined(__HP_aCC)
+# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST 1
+# define GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST_P 1
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether to support Combine(). This only makes sense when
+// value-parameterized tests are enabled.  The implementation doesn't
+// work on Sun Studio since it doesn't understand templated conversion
+// operators.
+#if (GTEST_HAS_TR1_TUPLE || GTEST_HAS_STD_TUPLE_) && !defined(__SUNPRO_CC)
+# define GTEST_HAS_COMBINE 1
+#endif
+
+// Determines whether the system compiler uses UTF-16 for encoding wide strings.
+#define GTEST_WIDE_STRING_USES_UTF16_ \
+    (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS || GTEST_OS_CYGWIN || GTEST_OS_SYMBIAN || GTEST_OS_AIX)
+
+// Determines whether test results can be streamed to a socket.
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+# define GTEST_CAN_STREAM_RESULTS_ 1
+#endif
+
+// Defines some utility macros.
+
+// The GNU compiler emits a warning if nested "if" statements are followed by
+// an "else" statement and braces are not used to explicitly disambiguate the
+// "else" binding.  This leads to problems with code like:
+//
+//   if (gate)
+//     ASSERT_*(condition) << "Some message";
+//
+// The "switch (0) case 0:" idiom is used to suppress this.
+#ifdef __INTEL_COMPILER
+# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_
+#else
+# define GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ switch (0) case 0: default:  // NOLINT
+#endif
+
+// Use this annotation at the end of a struct/class definition to
+// prevent the compiler from optimizing away instances that are never
+// used.  This is useful when all interesting logic happens inside the
+// c'tor and / or d'tor.  Example:
+//
+//   struct Foo {
+//     Foo() { ... }
+//   } GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_;
+//
+// Also use it after a variable or parameter declaration to tell the
+// compiler the variable/parameter does not have to be used.
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+#elif defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_attribute(unused)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_ __attribute__ ((unused))
+# endif
+#endif
+#ifndef GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_ = delete
+#else  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
+#endif  // GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Use this annotation before a function that takes a printf format string.
+#if (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# if defined(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT)
+// MinGW has two different printf implementations. Ensure the format macro
+// matches the selected implementation. See
+// https://sourceforge.net/p/mingw-w64/wiki2/gnu%20printf/.
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
+       __attribute__((__format__(__MINGW_PRINTF_FORMAT, string_index, \
+                                 first_to_check)))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check) \
+       __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, string_index, first_to_check)))
+# endif
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_PRINTF_(string_index, first_to_check)
+#endif
+
+
+// A macro to disallow operator=
+// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  void operator=(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_
+
+// A macro to disallow copy constructor and operator=
+// This should be used in the private: declarations for a class.
+#define GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(type) \
+  type(type const &) GTEST_CXX11_EQUALS_DELETE_; \
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(type)
+
+// Tell the compiler to warn about unused return values for functions declared
+// with this macro.  The macro should be used on function declarations
+// following the argument list:
+//
+//   Sprocket* AllocateSprocket() GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_;
+#if defined(__GNUC__) && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !defined(COMPILER_ICC)
+# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_ __attribute__ ((warn_unused_result))
+#else
+# define GTEST_MUST_USE_RESULT_
+#endif  // __GNUC__ && (GTEST_GCC_VER_ >= 30400) && !COMPILER_ICC
+
+// MS C++ compiler emits warning when a conditional expression is compile time
+// constant. In some contexts this warning is false positive and needs to be
+// suppressed. Use the following two macros in such cases:
+//
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+// while (true) {
+// GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+// }
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127)
+# define GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_() \
+    GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_POP_()
+
+// Determine whether the compiler supports Microsoft's Structured Exception
+// Handling.  This is supported by several Windows compilers but generally
+// does not exist on any other system.
+#ifndef GTEST_HAS_SEH
+// The user didn't tell us, so we need to figure it out.
+
+# if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// These two compilers are known to support SEH.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 1
+# else
+// Assume no SEH.
+#  define GTEST_HAS_SEH 0
+# endif
+
+#define GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE \
+    (GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_ \
+     || (GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT) \
+     || GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD)
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_SEH
+
+// GTEST_API_ qualifies all symbols that must be exported. The definitions below
+// are guarded by #ifndef to give embedders a chance to define GTEST_API_ in
+// gtest/internal/custom/gtest-port.h
+#ifndef GTEST_API_
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+# if GTEST_LINKED_AS_SHARED_LIBRARY
+#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllimport)
+# elif GTEST_CREATE_SHARED_LIBRARY
+#  define GTEST_API_ __declspec(dllexport)
+# endif
+#elif __GNUC__ >= 4 || defined(__clang__)
+# define GTEST_API_ __attribute__((visibility ("default")))
+#endif  // _MSC_VER
+
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
+
+#ifndef GTEST_API_
+# define GTEST_API_
+#endif  // GTEST_API_
+
+#ifndef GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
+# define GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE  "fast"
+#endif  // GTEST_DEFAULT_DEATH_TEST_STYLE
+
+#ifdef __GNUC__
+// Ask the compiler to never inline a given function.
+# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_ __attribute__((noinline))
+#else
+# define GTEST_NO_INLINE_
+#endif
+
+// _LIBCPP_VERSION is defined by the libc++ library from the LLVM project.
+#if !defined(GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_)
+# if defined(__GLIBCXX__) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && !defined(_MSC_VER))
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 1
+# else
+#  define GTEST_HAS_CXXABI_H_ 0
+# endif
+#endif
+
+// A function level attribute to disable checking for use of uninitialized
+// memory when built with MemorySanitizer.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_memory))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+# endif  // __has_feature(memory_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_MEMORY_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable AddressSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_address))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+# endif  // __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_ADDRESS_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+// A function level attribute to disable ThreadSanitizer instrumentation.
+#if defined(__clang__)
+# if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_ \
+       __attribute__((no_sanitize_thread))
+# else
+#  define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+# endif  // __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
+#else
+# define GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SANITIZE_THREAD_
+#endif  // __clang__
+
+namespace testing {
+
+class Message;
+
+#if defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+// Import tuple and friends into the ::testing namespace.
+// It is part of our interface, having them in ::testing allows us to change
+// their types as needed.
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::get;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::make_tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_size;
+using GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_::tuple_element;
+#endif  // defined(GTEST_TUPLE_NAMESPACE_)
+
+namespace internal {
+
+// A secret type that Google Test users don't know about.  It has no
+// definition on purpose.  Therefore it's impossible to create a
+// Secret object, which is what we want.
+class Secret;
+
+// The GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ macro can be used to verify that a compile time
+// expression is true. For example, you could use it to verify the
+// size of a static array:
+//
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(names) == NUM_NAMES,
+//                         names_incorrect_size);
+//
+// or to make sure a struct is smaller than a certain size:
+//
+//   GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(sizeof(foo) < 128, foo_too_large);
+//
+// The second argument to the macro is the name of the variable. If
+// the expression is false, most compilers will issue a warning/error
+// containing the name of the variable.
+
+#if GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) static_assert(expr, #msg)
+#else  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+template <bool>
+  struct CompileAssert {
+};
+
+# define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) \
+  typedef ::testing::internal::CompileAssert<(static_cast<bool>(expr))> \
+      msg[static_cast<bool>(expr) ? 1 : -1] GTEST_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED_
+#endif  // !GTEST_LANG_CXX11
+
+// Implementation details of GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_:
+//
+// (In C++11, we simply use static_assert instead of the following)
+//
+// - GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_ works by defining an array type that has -1
+//   elements (and thus is invalid) when the expression is false.
+//
+// - The simpler definition
+//
+//    #define GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(expr, msg) typedef char msg[(expr) ? 1 : -1]
+//
+//   does not work, as gcc supports variable-length arrays whose sizes
+//   are determined at run-time (this is gcc's extension and not part
+//   of the C++ standard).  As a result, gcc fails to reject the
+//   following code with the simple definition:
+//
+//     int foo;
+//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(foo, msg); // not supposed to compile as foo is
+//                                      // not a compile-time constant.
+//
+// - By using the type CompileAssert<(bool(expr))>, we ensures that
+//   expr is a compile-time constant.  (Template arguments must be
+//   determined at compile-time.)
+//
+// - The outter parentheses in CompileAssert<(bool(expr))> are necessary
+//   to work around a bug in gcc 3.4.4 and 4.0.1.  If we had written
+//
+//     CompileAssert<bool(expr)>
+//
+//   instead, these compilers will refuse to compile
+//
+//     GTEST_COMPILE_ASSERT_(5 > 0, some_message);
+//
+//   (They seem to think the ">" in "5 > 0" marks the end of the
+//   template argument list.)
+//
+// - The array size is (bool(expr) ? 1 : -1), instead of simply
+//
+//     ((expr) ? 1 : -1).
+//
+//   This is to avoid running into a bug in MS VC 7.1, which
+//   causes ((0.0) ? 1 : -1) to incorrectly evaluate to 1.
+
+// StaticAssertTypeEqHelper is used by StaticAssertTypeEq defined in gtest.h.
+//
+// This template is declared, but intentionally undefined.
+template <typename T1, typename T2>
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct StaticAssertTypeEqHelper<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Same as std::is_same<>.
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct IsSame {
+  enum { value = false };
+};
+template <typename T>
+struct IsSame<T, T> {
+  enum { value = true };
+};
+
+// Evaluates to the number of elements in 'array'.
+#define GTEST_ARRAY_SIZE_(array) (sizeof(array) / sizeof(array[0]))
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+typedef ::string string;
+#else
+typedef ::std::string string;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+typedef ::wstring wstring;
+#elif GTEST_HAS_STD_WSTRING
+typedef ::std::wstring wstring;
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_WSTRING
+
+// A helper for suppressing warnings on constant condition.  It just
+// returns 'condition'.
+GTEST_API_ bool IsTrue(bool condition);
+
+// Defines scoped_ptr.
+
+// This implementation of scoped_ptr is PARTIAL - it only contains
+// enough stuff to satisfy Google Test's need.
+template <typename T>
+class scoped_ptr {
+ public:
+  typedef T element_type;
+
+  explicit scoped_ptr(T* p = NULL) : ptr_(p) {}
+  ~scoped_ptr() { reset(); }
+
+  T& operator*() const { return *ptr_; }
+  T* operator->() const { return ptr_; }
+  T* get() const { return ptr_; }
+
+  T* release() {
+    T* const ptr = ptr_;
+    ptr_ = NULL;
+    return ptr;
+  }
+
+  void reset(T* p = NULL) {
+    if (p != ptr_) {
+      if (IsTrue(sizeof(T) > 0)) {  // Makes sure T is a complete type.
+        delete ptr_;
+      }
+      ptr_ = p;
+    }
+  }
+
+  friend void swap(scoped_ptr& a, scoped_ptr& b) {
+    using std::swap;
+    swap(a.ptr_, b.ptr_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  T* ptr_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(scoped_ptr);
+};
+
+// Defines RE.
+
+#if GTEST_USES_PCRE
+// if used, PCRE is injected by custom/gtest-port.h
+#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE || GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+// A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
+// Regular Expression syntax.
+class GTEST_API_ RE {
+ public:
+  // A copy constructor is required by the Standard to initialize object
+  // references from r-values.
+  RE(const RE& other) { Init(other.pattern()); }
+
+  // Constructs an RE from a string.
+  RE(const ::std::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  RE(const ::string& regex) { Init(regex.c_str()); }  // NOLINT
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  RE(const char* regex) { Init(regex); }  // NOLINT
+  ~RE();
+
+  // Returns the string representation of the regex.
+  const char* pattern() const { return pattern_; }
+
+  // FullMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re matches
+  // the entire str.
+  // PartialMatch(str, re) returns true iff regular expression re
+  // matches a substring of str (including str itself).
+  //
+  // FIXME: make FullMatch() and PartialMatch() work
+  // when str contains NUL characters.
+  static bool FullMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+  static bool PartialMatch(const ::std::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  static bool FullMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return FullMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+  static bool PartialMatch(const ::string& str, const RE& re) {
+    return PartialMatch(str.c_str(), re);
+  }
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+  static bool FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
+  static bool PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re);
+
+ private:
+  void Init(const char* regex);
+
+  // We use a const char* instead of an std::string, as Google Test used to be
+  // used where std::string is not available.  FIXME: change to
+  // std::string.
+  const char* pattern_;
+  bool is_valid_;
+
+# if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+  regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
+  regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
+
+# else  // GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+  const char* full_pattern_;  // For FullMatch();
+
+# endif
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(RE);
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_USES_PCRE
+
+// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
+// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line);
+
+// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
+// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
+// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(const char* file,
+                                                               int line);
+
+// Defines logging utilities:
+//   GTEST_LOG_(severity) - logs messages at the specified severity level. The
+//                          message itself is streamed into the macro.
+//   LogToStderr()  - directs all log messages to stderr.
+//   FlushInfoLog() - flushes informational log messages.
+
+enum GTestLogSeverity {
+  GTEST_INFO,
+  GTEST_WARNING,
+  GTEST_ERROR,
+  GTEST_FATAL
+};
+
+// Formats log entry severity, provides a stream object for streaming the
+// log message, and terminates the message with a newline when going out of
+// scope.
+class GTEST_API_ GTestLog {
+ public:
+  GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line);
+
+  // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
+  ~GTestLog();
+
+  ::std::ostream& GetStream() { return ::std::cerr; }
+
+ private:
+  const GTestLogSeverity severity_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestLog);
+};
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+# define GTEST_LOG_(severity) \
+    ::testing::internal::GTestLog(::testing::internal::GTEST_##severity, \
+                                  __FILE__, __LINE__).GetStream()
+
+inline void LogToStderr() {}
+inline void FlushInfoLog() { fflush(NULL); }
+
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_LOG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE.
+//
+// GTEST_CHECK_ is an all-mode assert. It aborts the program if the condition
+// is not satisfied.
+//  Synopsys:
+//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition);
+//     or
+//    GTEST_CHECK_(boolean_condition) << "Additional message";
+//
+//    This checks the condition and if the condition is not satisfied
+//    it prints message about the condition violation, including the
+//    condition itself, plus additional message streamed into it, if any,
+//    and then it aborts the program. It aborts the program irrespective of
+//    whether it is built in the debug mode or not.
+# define GTEST_CHECK_(condition) \
+    GTEST_AMBIGUOUS_ELSE_BLOCKER_ \
+    if (::testing::internal::IsTrue(condition)) \
+      ; \
+    else \
+      GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Condition " #condition " failed. "
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_CHECK_)
+
+// An all-mode assert to verify that the given POSIX-style function
+// call returns 0 (indicating success).  Known limitation: this
+// doesn't expand to a balanced 'if' statement, so enclose the macro
+// in {} if you need to use it as the only statement in an 'if'
+// branch.
+#define GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(posix_call) \
+  if (const int gtest_error = (posix_call)) \
+    GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << #posix_call << "failed with error " \
+                      << gtest_error
+
+// Adds reference to a type if it is not a reference type,
+// otherwise leaves it unchanged.  This is the same as
+// tr1::add_reference, which is not widely available yet.
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+template <typename T>
+struct AddReference<T&> { typedef T& type; };  // NOLINT
+
+// A handy wrapper around AddReference that works when the argument T
+// depends on template parameters.
+#define GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) \
+    typename ::testing::internal::AddReference<T>::type
+
+// Transforms "T" into "const T&" according to standard reference collapsing
+// rules (this is only needed as a backport for C++98 compilers that do not
+// support reference collapsing). Specifically, it transforms:
+//
+//   char         ==> const char&
+//   const char   ==> const char&
+//   char&        ==> char&
+//   const char&  ==> const char&
+//
+// Note that the non-const reference will not have "const" added. This is
+// standard, and necessary so that "T" can always bind to "const T&".
+template <typename T>
+struct ConstRef { typedef const T& type; };
+template <typename T>
+struct ConstRef<T&> { typedef T& type; };
+
+// The argument T must depend on some template parameters.
+#define GTEST_REFERENCE_TO_CONST_(T) \
+  typename ::testing::internal::ConstRef<T>::type
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+using std::forward;
+using std::move;
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RvalueRef {
+  typedef T&& type;
+};
+#else  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+template <typename T>
+const T& move(const T& t) {
+  return t;
+}
+template <typename T>
+GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) forward(GTEST_ADD_REFERENCE_(T) t) { return t; }
+
+template <typename T>
+struct RvalueRef {
+  typedef const T& type;
+};
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STD_MOVE_
+
+// INTERNAL IMPLEMENTATION - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE.
+//
+// Use ImplicitCast_ as a safe version of static_cast for upcasting in
+// the type hierarchy (e.g. casting a Foo* to a SuperclassOfFoo* or a
+// const Foo*).  When you use ImplicitCast_, the compiler checks that
+// the cast is safe.  Such explicit ImplicitCast_s are necessary in
+// surprisingly many situations where C++ demands an exact type match
+// instead of an argument type convertable to a target type.
+//
+// The syntax for using ImplicitCast_ is the same as for static_cast:
+//
+//   ImplicitCast_<ToType>(expr)
+//
+// ImplicitCast_ would have been part of the C++ standard library,
+// but the proposal was submitted too late.  It will probably make
+// its way into the language in the future.
+//
+// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
+// similar functions users may have (e.g., implicit_cast). The internal
+// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
+template<typename To>
+inline To ImplicitCast_(To x) { return x; }
+
+// When you upcast (that is, cast a pointer from type Foo to type
+// SuperclassOfFoo), it's fine to use ImplicitCast_<>, since upcasts
+// always succeed.  When you downcast (that is, cast a pointer from
+// type Foo to type SubclassOfFoo), static_cast<> isn't safe, because
+// how do you know the pointer is really of type SubclassOfFoo?  It
+// could be a bare Foo, or of type DifferentSubclassOfFoo.  Thus,
+// when you downcast, you should use this macro.  In debug mode, we
+// use dynamic_cast<> to double-check the downcast is legal (we die
+// if it's not).  In normal mode, we do the efficient static_cast<>
+// instead.  Thus, it's important to test in debug mode to make sure
+// the cast is legal!
+//    This is the only place in the code we should use dynamic_cast<>.
+// In particular, you SHOULDN'T be using dynamic_cast<> in order to
+// do RTTI (eg code like this:
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass1>(foo)) HandleASubclass1Object(foo);
+//    if (dynamic_cast<Subclass2>(foo)) HandleASubclass2Object(foo);
+// You should design the code some other way not to need this.
+//
+// This relatively ugly name is intentional. It prevents clashes with
+// similar functions users may have (e.g., down_cast). The internal
+// namespace alone is not enough because the function can be found by ADL.
+template<typename To, typename From>  // use like this: DownCast_<T*>(foo);
+inline To DownCast_(From* f) {  // so we only accept pointers
+  // Ensures that To is a sub-type of From *.  This test is here only
+  // for compile-time type checking, and has no overhead in an
+  // optimized build at run-time, as it will be optimized away
+  // completely.
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_PUSH_()
+  if (false) {
+  GTEST_INTENTIONAL_CONST_COND_POP_()
+    const To to = NULL;
+    ::testing::internal::ImplicitCast_<From*>(to);
+  }
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  // RTTI: debug mode only!
+  GTEST_CHECK_(f == NULL || dynamic_cast<To>(f) != NULL);
+#endif
+  return static_cast<To>(f);
+}
+
+// Downcasts the pointer of type Base to Derived.
+// Derived must be a subclass of Base. The parameter MUST
+// point to a class of type Derived, not any subclass of it.
+// When RTTI is available, the function performs a runtime
+// check to enforce this.
+template <class Derived, class Base>
+Derived* CheckedDowncastToActualType(Base* base) {
+#if GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  GTEST_CHECK_(typeid(*base) == typeid(Derived));
+#endif
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DOWNCAST_
+  return ::down_cast<Derived*>(base);
+#elif GTEST_HAS_RTTI
+  return dynamic_cast<Derived*>(base);  // NOLINT
+#else
+  return static_cast<Derived*>(base);  // Poor man's downcast.
+#endif
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Defines the stderr capturer:
+//   CaptureStdout     - starts capturing stdout.
+//   GetCapturedStdout - stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
+//   CaptureStderr     - starts capturing stderr.
+//   GetCapturedStderr - stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
+//
+GTEST_API_ void CaptureStdout();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStdout();
+GTEST_API_ void CaptureStderr();
+GTEST_API_ std::string GetCapturedStderr();
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+// Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
+GTEST_API_ size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
+
+// Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
+GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
+
+// All command line arguments.
+GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
+// Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs);
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs);
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs);
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void ClearInjectableArgvs();
+
+#endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+// Defines synchronization primitives.
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Sleeps for (roughly) n milliseconds.  This function is only for testing
+// Google Test's own constructs.  Don't use it in user tests, either
+// directly or indirectly.
+inline void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+  const timespec time = {
+    0,                  // 0 seconds.
+    n * 1000L * 1000L,  // And n ms.
+  };
+  nanosleep(&time, NULL);
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+// Notification has already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification() : notified_(false) {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+  }
+  ~Notification() {
+    pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_);
+  }
+
+  // Notifies all threads created with this notification to start. Must
+  // be called from the controller thread.
+  void Notify() {
+    pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+    notified_ = true;
+    pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+  }
+
+  // Blocks until the controller thread notifies. Must be called from a test
+  // thread.
+  void WaitForNotification() {
+    for (;;) {
+      pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_);
+      const bool notified = notified_;
+      pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_);
+      if (notified)
+        break;
+      SleepMilliseconds(10);
+    }
+  }
+
+ private:
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;
+  bool notified_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+GTEST_API_ void SleepMilliseconds(int n);
+
+// Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
+// Used in death tests and in threading support.
+class GTEST_API_ AutoHandle {
+ public:
+  // Assume that Win32 HANDLE type is equivalent to void*. Doing so allows us to
+  // avoid including <windows.h> in this header file. Including <windows.h> is
+  // undesirable because it defines a lot of symbols and macros that tend to
+  // conflict with client code. This assumption is verified by
+  // WindowsTypesTest.HANDLEIsVoidStar.
+  typedef void* Handle;
+  AutoHandle();
+  explicit AutoHandle(Handle handle);
+
+  ~AutoHandle();
+
+  Handle Get() const;
+  void Reset();
+  void Reset(Handle handle);
+
+ private:
+  // Returns true iff the handle is a valid handle object that can be closed.
+  bool IsCloseable() const;
+
+  Handle handle_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(AutoHandle);
+};
+
+// Allows a controller thread to pause execution of newly created
+// threads until notified.  Instances of this class must be created
+// and destroyed in the controller thread.
+//
+// This class is only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do not
+// use it in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+class GTEST_API_ Notification {
+ public:
+  Notification();
+  void Notify();
+  void WaitForNotification();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle event_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Notification);
+};
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_NOTIFICATION_
+
+// On MinGW, we can have both GTEST_OS_WINDOWS and GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+// defined, but we don't want to use MinGW's pthreads implementation, which
+// has conformance problems with some versions of the POSIX standard.
+# if GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MINGW
+
+// As a C-function, ThreadFuncWithCLinkage cannot be templated itself.
+// Consequently, it cannot select a correct instantiation of ThreadWithParam
+// in order to call its Run(). Introducing ThreadWithParamBase as a
+// non-templated base class for ThreadWithParam allows us to bypass this
+// problem.
+class ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase() {}
+  virtual void Run() = 0;
+};
+
+// pthread_create() accepts a pointer to a function type with the C linkage.
+// According to the Standard (7.5/1), function types with different linkages
+// are different even if they are otherwise identical.  Some compilers (for
+// example, SunStudio) treat them as different types.  Since class methods
+// cannot be defined with C-linkage we need to define a free C-function to
+// pass into pthread_create().
+extern "C" inline void* ThreadFuncWithCLinkage(void* thread) {
+  static_cast<ThreadWithParamBase*>(thread)->Run();
+  return NULL;
+}
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+// To use it, write:
+//
+//   void ThreadFunc(int param) { /* Do things with param */ }
+//   Notification thread_can_start;
+//   ...
+//   // The thread_can_start parameter is optional; you can supply NULL.
+//   ThreadWithParam<int> thread(&ThreadFunc, 5, &thread_can_start);
+//   thread_can_start.Notify();
+//
+// These classes are only for testing Google Test's own constructs. Do
+// not use them in user tests, either directly or indirectly.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : func_(func),
+        param_(param),
+        thread_can_start_(thread_can_start),
+        finished_(false) {
+    ThreadWithParamBase* const base = this;
+    // The thread can be created only after all fields except thread_
+    // have been initialized.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+        pthread_create(&thread_, 0, &ThreadFuncWithCLinkage, base));
+  }
+  ~ThreadWithParam() { Join(); }
+
+  void Join() {
+    if (!finished_) {
+      GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_join(thread_, 0));
+      finished_ = true;
+    }
+  }
+
+  virtual void Run() {
+    if (thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+      thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+    func_(param_);
+  }
+
+ private:
+  UserThreadFunc* const func_;  // User-supplied thread function.
+  const T param_;  // User-supplied parameter to the thread function.
+  // When non-NULL, used to block execution until the controller thread
+  // notifies.
+  Notification* const thread_can_start_;
+  bool finished_;  // true iff we know that the thread function has finished.
+  pthread_t thread_;  // The native thread object.
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+# endif  // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD ||
+         // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+
+# if GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+// Mutex and ThreadLocal have already been imported into the namespace.
+// Nothing to do here.
+
+# elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+
+// Mutex implements mutex on Windows platforms.  It is used in conjunction
+// with class MutexLock:
+//
+//   Mutex mutex;
+//   ...
+//   MutexLock lock(&mutex);  // Acquires the mutex and releases it at the
+//                            // end of the current scope.
+//
+// A static Mutex *must* be defined or declared using one of the following
+// macros:
+//   GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//   GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(g_some_mutex);
+//
+// (A non-static Mutex is defined/declared in the usual way).
+class GTEST_API_ Mutex {
+ public:
+  enum MutexType { kStatic = 0, kDynamic = 1 };
+  // We rely on kStaticMutex being 0 as it is to what the linker initializes
+  // type_ in static mutexes.  critical_section_ will be initialized lazily
+  // in ThreadSafeLazyInit().
+  enum StaticConstructorSelector { kStaticMutex = 0 };
+
+  // This constructor intentionally does nothing.  It relies on type_ being
+  // statically initialized to 0 (effectively setting it to kStatic) and on
+  // ThreadSafeLazyInit() to lazily initialize the rest of the members.
+  explicit Mutex(StaticConstructorSelector /*dummy*/) {}
+
+  Mutex();
+  ~Mutex();
+
+  void Lock();
+
+  void Unlock();
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld();
+
+ private:
+  // Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+  void ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+
+  // Per https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/oldnewthing/20040223-00/?p=40503,
+  // we assume that 0 is an invalid value for thread IDs.
+  unsigned int owner_thread_id_;
+
+  // For static mutexes, we rely on these members being initialized to zeros
+  // by the linker.
+  MutexType type_;
+  long critical_section_init_phase_;  // NOLINT
+  GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION* critical_section_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+    ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex(::testing::internal::Mutex::kStaticMutex)
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  Mutex* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Base class for ValueHolder<T>.  Allows a caller to hold and delete a value
+// without knowing its type.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Provides a way for a thread to send notifications to a ThreadLocal
+// regardless of its parameter type.
+class ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  // Creates a new ValueHolder<T> object holding a default value passed to
+  // this ThreadLocal<T>'s constructor and returns it.  It is the caller's
+  // responsibility not to call this when the ThreadLocal<T> instance already
+  // has a value on the current thread.
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const = 0;
+
+ protected:
+  ThreadLocalBase() {}
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalBase() {}
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocalBase);
+};
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadLocals that have values instantiated on that
+// thread and notifies them when the thread exits.  A ThreadLocal instance is
+// expected to persist until all threads it has values on have terminated.
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocalRegistry {
+ public:
+  // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+  // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+  static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+
+  // Invoked when a ThreadLocal instance is destroyed.
+  static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+      const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance);
+};
+
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  void Join();
+
+ protected:
+  class Runnable {
+   public:
+    virtual ~Runnable() {}
+    virtual void Run() = 0;
+  };
+
+  ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable, Notification* thread_can_start);
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParamBase();
+
+ private:
+  AutoHandle thread_;
+};
+
+// Helper class for testing Google Test's multi-threading constructs.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadWithParam : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+  typedef void UserThreadFunc(T);
+
+  ThreadWithParam(UserThreadFunc* func, T param, Notification* thread_can_start)
+      : ThreadWithParamBase(new RunnableImpl(func, param), thread_can_start) {
+  }
+  virtual ~ThreadWithParam() {}
+
+ private:
+  class RunnableImpl : public Runnable {
+   public:
+    RunnableImpl(UserThreadFunc* func, T param)
+        : func_(func),
+          param_(param) {
+    }
+    virtual ~RunnableImpl() {}
+    virtual void Run() {
+      func_(param_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    UserThreadFunc* const func_;
+    const T param_;
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(RunnableImpl);
+  };
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParam);
+};
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on Windows systems.
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   ThreadLocal<int> tl(100);  // 100 is the default value for each thread.
+//
+//   // Thread 2
+//   tl.set(150);  // Changes the value for thread 2 only.
+//   EXPECT_EQ(150, tl.get());
+//
+//   // Thread 1
+//   EXPECT_EQ(100, tl.get());  // In thread 1, tl has the original value.
+//   tl.set(200);
+//   EXPECT_EQ(200, tl.get());
+//
+// The template type argument T must have a public copy constructor.
+// In addition, the default ThreadLocal constructor requires T to have
+// a public default constructor.
+//
+// The users of a TheadLocal instance have to make sure that all but one
+// threads (including the main one) using that instance have exited before
+// destroying it. Otherwise, the per-thread objects managed for them by the
+// ThreadLocal instance are not guaranteed to be destroyed on all platforms.
+//
+// Google Test only uses global ThreadLocal objects.  That means they
+// will die after main() has returned.  Therefore, no per-thread
+// object managed by Google Test will be leaked as long as all threads
+// using Google Test have exited when main() returns.
+template <typename T>
+class ThreadLocal : public ThreadLocalBase {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() { ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(this); }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of T.  Can be deleted via its base class without the caller
+  // knowing the type of T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    return static_cast<ValueHolder*>(
+        ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(this))->pointer();
+  }
+
+  virtual ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* NewValueForCurrentThread() const {
+    return default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
+  }
+
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# elif GTEST_HAS_PTHREAD
+
+// MutexBase and Mutex implement mutex on pthreads-based platforms.
+class MutexBase {
+ public:
+  // Acquires this mutex.
+  void Lock() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex_));
+    owner_ = pthread_self();
+    has_owner_ = true;
+  }
+
+  // Releases this mutex.
+  void Unlock() {
+    // Since the lock is being released the owner_ field should no longer be
+    // considered valid. We don't protect writing to has_owner_ here, as it's
+    // the caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+    // mutex when this is called.
+    has_owner_ = false;
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex_));
+  }
+
+  // Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+  // with high probability.
+  void AssertHeld() const {
+    GTEST_CHECK_(has_owner_ && pthread_equal(owner_, pthread_self()))
+        << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+  }
+
+  // A static mutex may be used before main() is entered.  It may even
+  // be used before the dynamic initialization stage.  Therefore we
+  // must be able to initialize a static mutex object at link time.
+  // This means MutexBase has to be a POD and its member variables
+  // have to be public.
+ public:
+  pthread_mutex_t mutex_;  // The underlying pthread mutex.
+  // has_owner_ indicates whether the owner_ field below contains a valid thread
+  // ID and is therefore safe to inspect (e.g., to use in pthread_equal()). All
+  // accesses to the owner_ field should be protected by a check of this field.
+  // An alternative might be to memset() owner_ to all zeros, but there's no
+  // guarantee that a zero'd pthread_t is necessarily invalid or even different
+  // from pthread_self().
+  bool has_owner_;
+  pthread_t owner_;  // The thread holding the mutex.
+};
+
+// Forward-declares a static mutex.
+#  define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+     extern ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex
+
+// Defines and statically (i.e. at link time) initializes a static mutex.
+// The initialization list here does not explicitly initialize each field,
+// instead relying on default initialization for the unspecified fields. In
+// particular, the owner_ field (a pthread_t) is not explicitly initialized.
+// This allows initialization to work whether pthread_t is a scalar or struct.
+// The flag -Wmissing-field-initializers must not be specified for this to work.
+#define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+  ::testing::internal::MutexBase mutex = {PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, false, 0}
+
+// The Mutex class can only be used for mutexes created at runtime. It
+// shares its API with MutexBase otherwise.
+class Mutex : public MutexBase {
+ public:
+  Mutex() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_init(&mutex_, NULL));
+    has_owner_ = false;
+  }
+  ~Mutex() {
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex_));
+  }
+
+ private:
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(Mutex);
+};
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(MutexBase* mutex)
+      : mutex_(mutex) { mutex_->Lock(); }
+
+  ~GTestMutexLock() { mutex_->Unlock(); }
+
+ private:
+  MutexBase* const mutex_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(GTestMutexLock);
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+// Helpers for ThreadLocal.
+
+// pthread_key_create() requires DeleteThreadLocalValue() to have
+// C-linkage.  Therefore it cannot be templatized to access
+// ThreadLocal<T>.  Hence the need for class
+// ThreadLocalValueHolderBase.
+class ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+ public:
+  virtual ~ThreadLocalValueHolderBase() {}
+};
+
+// Called by pthread to delete thread-local data stored by
+// pthread_setspecific().
+extern "C" inline void DeleteThreadLocalValue(void* value_holder) {
+  delete static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(value_holder);
+}
+
+// Implements thread-local storage on pthreads-based systems.
+template <typename T>
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal()
+      : key_(CreateKey()), default_factory_(new DefaultValueHolderFactory()) {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value)
+      : key_(CreateKey()),
+        default_factory_(new InstanceValueHolderFactory(value)) {}
+
+  ~ThreadLocal() {
+    // Destroys the managed object for the current thread, if any.
+    DeleteThreadLocalValue(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+
+    // Releases resources associated with the key.  This will *not*
+    // delete managed objects for other threads.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_key_delete(key_));
+  }
+
+  T* pointer() { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T* pointer() const { return GetOrCreateValue(); }
+  const T& get() const { return *pointer(); }
+  void set(const T& value) { *pointer() = value; }
+
+ private:
+  // Holds a value of type T.
+  class ValueHolder : public ThreadLocalValueHolderBase {
+   public:
+    ValueHolder() : value_() {}
+    explicit ValueHolder(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+
+    T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+
+   private:
+    T value_;
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolder);
+  };
+
+  static pthread_key_t CreateKey() {
+    pthread_key_t key;
+    // When a thread exits, DeleteThreadLocalValue() will be called on
+    // the object managed for that thread.
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(
+        pthread_key_create(&key, &DeleteThreadLocalValue));
+    return key;
+  }
+
+  T* GetOrCreateValue() const {
+    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder =
+        static_cast<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase*>(pthread_getspecific(key_));
+    if (holder != NULL) {
+      return CheckedDowncastToActualType<ValueHolder>(holder)->pointer();
+    }
+
+    ValueHolder* const new_holder = default_factory_->MakeNewHolder();
+    ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* const holder_base = new_holder;
+    GTEST_CHECK_POSIX_SUCCESS_(pthread_setspecific(key_, holder_base));
+    return new_holder->pointer();
+  }
+
+  class ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ~ValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const = 0;
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class DefaultValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    DefaultValueHolderFactory() {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const { return new ValueHolder(); }
+
+   private:
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(DefaultValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  class InstanceValueHolderFactory : public ValueHolderFactory {
+   public:
+    explicit InstanceValueHolderFactory(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+    virtual ValueHolder* MakeNewHolder() const {
+      return new ValueHolder(value_);
+    }
+
+   private:
+    const T value_;  // The value for each thread.
+
+    GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(InstanceValueHolderFactory);
+  };
+
+  // A key pthreads uses for looking up per-thread values.
+  const pthread_key_t key_;
+  scoped_ptr<ValueHolderFactory> default_factory_;
+
+  GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadLocal);
+};
+
+# endif  // GTEST_HAS_MUTEX_AND_THREAD_LOCAL_
+
+#else  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// A dummy implementation of synchronization primitives (mutex, lock,
+// and thread-local variable).  Necessary for compiling Google Test where
+// mutex is not supported - using Google Test in multiple threads is not
+// supported on such platforms.
+
+class Mutex {
+ public:
+  Mutex() {}
+  void Lock() {}
+  void Unlock() {}
+  void AssertHeld() const {}
+};
+
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) \
+  extern ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_STATIC_MUTEX_(mutex) ::testing::internal::Mutex mutex
+
+// We cannot name this class MutexLock because the ctor declaration would
+// conflict with a macro named MutexLock, which is defined on some
+// platforms. That macro is used as a defensive measure to prevent against
+// inadvertent misuses of MutexLock like "MutexLock(&mu)" rather than
+// "MutexLock l(&mu)".  Hence the typedef trick below.
+class GTestMutexLock {
+ public:
+  explicit GTestMutexLock(Mutex*) {}  // NOLINT
+};
+
+typedef GTestMutexLock MutexLock;
+
+template <typename T>
+class GTEST_API_ ThreadLocal {
+ public:
+  ThreadLocal() : value_() {}
+  explicit ThreadLocal(const T& value) : value_(value) {}
+  T* pointer() { return &value_; }
+  const T* pointer() const { return &value_; }
+  const T& get() const { return value_; }
+  void set(const T& value) { value_ = value; }
+ private:
+  T value_;
+};
+
+#endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+GTEST_API_ size_t GetThreadCount();
+
+// Passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...) crashes the ARM
+// compiler and generates a warning in Sun Studio before 12u4. The Nokia Symbian
+// and the IBM XL C/C++ compiler try to instantiate a copy constructor
+// for objects passed through ellipsis (...), failing for uncopyable
+// objects.  We define this to ensure that only POD is passed through
+// ellipsis on these systems.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__) || \
+     (defined(__SUNPRO_CC) && __SUNPRO_CC < 0x5130)
+// We lose support for NULL detection where the compiler doesn't like
+// passing non-POD classes through ellipsis (...).
+# define GTEST_ELLIPSIS_NEEDS_POD_ 1
+#else
+# define GTEST_CAN_COMPARE_NULL 1
+#endif
+
+// The Nokia Symbian and IBM XL C/C++ compilers cannot decide between
+// const T& and const T* in a function template.  These compilers
+// _can_ decide between class template specializations for T and T*,
+// so a tr1::type_traits-like is_pointer works.
+#if defined(__SYMBIAN32__) || defined(__IBMCPP__)
+# define GTEST_NEEDS_IS_POINTER_ 1
+#endif
+
+template <bool bool_value>
+struct bool_constant {
+  typedef bool_constant<bool_value> type;
+  static const bool value = bool_value;
+};
+template <bool bool_value> const bool bool_constant<bool_value>::value;
+
+typedef bool_constant<false> false_type;
+typedef bool_constant<true> true_type;
+
+template <typename T, typename U>
+struct is_same : public false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_same<T, T> : public true_type {};
+
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_pointer : public false_type {};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct is_pointer<T*> : public true_type {};
+
+template <typename Iterator>
+struct IteratorTraits {
+  typedef typename Iterator::value_type value_type;
+};
+
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IteratorTraits<T*> {
+  typedef T value_type;
+};
+
+template <typename T>
+struct IteratorTraits<const T*> {
+  typedef T value_type;
+};
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "\\"
+# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 1
+// The biggest signed integer type the compiler supports.
+typedef __int64 BiggestInt;
+#else
+# define GTEST_PATH_SEP_ "/"
+# define GTEST_HAS_ALT_PATH_SEP_ 0
+typedef long long BiggestInt;  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Utilities for char.
+
+// isspace(int ch) and friends accept an unsigned char or EOF.  char
+// may be signed, depending on the compiler (or compiler flags).
+// Therefore we need to cast a char to unsigned char before calling
+// isspace(), etc.
+
+inline bool IsAlpha(char ch) {
+  return isalpha(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsAlNum(char ch) {
+  return isalnum(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsDigit(char ch) {
+  return isdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsLower(char ch) {
+  return islower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsSpace(char ch) {
+  return isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsUpper(char ch) {
+  return isupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsXDigit(char ch) {
+  return isxdigit(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)) != 0;
+}
+inline bool IsXDigit(wchar_t ch) {
+  const unsigned char low_byte = static_cast<unsigned char>(ch);
+  return ch == low_byte && isxdigit(low_byte) != 0;
+}
+
+inline char ToLower(char ch) {
+  return static_cast<char>(tolower(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+}
+inline char ToUpper(char ch) {
+  return static_cast<char>(toupper(static_cast<unsigned char>(ch)));
+}
+
+inline std::string StripTrailingSpaces(std::string str) {
+  std::string::iterator it = str.end();
+  while (it != str.begin() && IsSpace(*--it))
+    it = str.erase(it);
+  return str;
+}
+
+// The testing::internal::posix namespace holds wrappers for common
+// POSIX functions.  These wrappers hide the differences between
+// Windows/MSVC and POSIX systems.  Since some compilers define these
+// standard functions as macros, the wrapper cannot have the same name
+// as the wrapped function.
+
+namespace posix {
+
+// Functions with a different name on Windows.
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+typedef struct _stat StatStruct;
+
+# ifdef __BORLANDC__
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
+# else  // !__BORLANDC__
+#  if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int IsATTY(int /* fd */) { return 0; }
+#  else
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return _isatty(fd); }
+#  endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return _stricmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return _strdup(src); }
+# endif  // __BORLANDC__
+
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return reinterpret_cast<int>(_fileno(file)); }
+// Stat(), RmDir(), and IsDir() are not needed on Windows CE at this
+// time and thus not defined there.
+# else
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return _fileno(file); }
+inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return _stat(path, buf); }
+inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return _rmdir(dir); }
+inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) {
+  return (_S_IFDIR & st.st_mode) != 0;
+}
+# endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+#else
+
+typedef struct stat StatStruct;
+
+inline int FileNo(FILE* file) { return fileno(file); }
+inline int IsATTY(int fd) { return isatty(fd); }
+inline int Stat(const char* path, StatStruct* buf) { return stat(path, buf); }
+inline int StrCaseCmp(const char* s1, const char* s2) {
+  return strcasecmp(s1, s2);
+}
+inline char* StrDup(const char* src) { return strdup(src); }
+inline int RmDir(const char* dir) { return rmdir(dir); }
+inline bool IsDir(const StatStruct& st) { return S_ISDIR(st.st_mode); }
+
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+// Functions deprecated by MSVC 8.0.
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
+
+inline const char* StrNCpy(char* dest, const char* src, size_t n) {
+  return strncpy(dest, src, n);
+}
+
+// ChDir(), FReopen(), FDOpen(), Read(), Write(), Close(), and
+// StrError() aren't needed on Windows CE at this time and thus not
+// defined there.
+
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+inline int ChDir(const char* dir) { return chdir(dir); }
+#endif
+inline FILE* FOpen(const char* path, const char* mode) {
+  return fopen(path, mode);
+}
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline FILE *FReopen(const char* path, const char* mode, FILE* stream) {
+  return freopen(path, mode, stream);
+}
+inline FILE* FDOpen(int fd, const char* mode) { return fdopen(fd, mode); }
+#endif
+inline int FClose(FILE* fp) { return fclose(fp); }
+#if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+inline int Read(int fd, void* buf, unsigned int count) {
+  return static_cast<int>(read(fd, buf, count));
+}
+inline int Write(int fd, const void* buf, unsigned int count) {
+  return static_cast<int>(write(fd, buf, count));
+}
+inline int Close(int fd) { return close(fd); }
+inline const char* StrError(int errnum) { return strerror(errnum); }
+#endif
+inline const char* GetEnv(const char* name) {
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_PHONE || GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_RT
+  // We are on Windows CE, which has no environment variables.
+  static_cast<void>(name);  // To prevent 'unused argument' warning.
+  return NULL;
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__SunOS_5_8) || defined(__SunOS_5_9)
+  // Environment variables which we programmatically clear will be set to the
+  // empty string rather than unset (NULL).  Handle that case.
+  const char* const env = getenv(name);
+  return (env != NULL && env[0] != '\0') ? env : NULL;
+#else
+  return getenv(name);
+#endif
+}
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// Windows CE has no C library. The abort() function is used in
+// several places in Google Test. This implementation provides a reasonable
+// imitation of standard behaviour.
+void Abort();
+#else
+inline void Abort() { abort(); }
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+}  // namespace posix
+
+// MSVC "deprecates" snprintf and issues warnings wherever it is used.  In
+// order to avoid these warnings, we need to use _snprintf or _snprintf_s on
+// MSVC-based platforms.  We map the GTEST_SNPRINTF_ macro to the appropriate
+// function in order to achieve that.  We use macro definition here because
+// snprintf is a variadic function.
+#if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+// MSVC 2005 and above support variadic macros.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_(buffer, size, format, ...) \
+     _snprintf_s(buffer, size, size, format, __VA_ARGS__)
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+// Windows CE does not define _snprintf_s and MSVC prior to 2005 doesn't
+// complain about _snprintf.
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ _snprintf
+#else
+# define GTEST_SNPRINTF_ snprintf
+#endif
+
+// The maximum number a BiggestInt can represent.  This definition
+// works no matter BiggestInt is represented in one's complement or
+// two's complement.
+//
+// We cannot rely on numeric_limits in STL, as __int64 and long long
+// are not part of standard C++ and numeric_limits doesn't need to be
+// defined for them.
+const BiggestInt kMaxBiggestInt =
+    ~(static_cast<BiggestInt>(1) << (8*sizeof(BiggestInt) - 1));
+
+// This template class serves as a compile-time function from size to
+// type.  It maps a size in bytes to a primitive type with that
+// size. e.g.
+//
+//   TypeWithSize<4>::UInt
+//
+// is typedef-ed to be unsigned int (unsigned integer made up of 4
+// bytes).
+//
+// Such functionality should belong to STL, but I cannot find it
+// there.
+//
+// Google Test uses this class in the implementation of floating-point
+// comparison.
+//
+// For now it only handles UInt (unsigned int) as that's all Google Test
+// needs.  Other types can be easily added in the future if need
+// arises.
+template <size_t size>
+class TypeWithSize {
+ public:
+  // This prevents the user from using TypeWithSize<N> with incorrect
+  // values of N.
+  typedef void UInt;
+};
+
+// The specialization for size 4.
+template <>
+class TypeWithSize<4> {
+ public:
+  // unsigned int has size 4 in both gcc and MSVC.
+  //
+  // As base/basictypes.h doesn't compile on Windows, we cannot use
+  // uint32, uint64, and etc here.
+  typedef int Int;
+  typedef unsigned int UInt;
+};
+
+// The specialization for size 8.
+template <>
+class TypeWithSize<8> {
+ public:
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+  typedef __int64 Int;
+  typedef unsigned __int64 UInt;
+#else
+  typedef long long Int;  // NOLINT
+  typedef unsigned long long UInt;  // NOLINT
+#endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+};
+
+// Integer types of known sizes.
+typedef TypeWithSize<4>::Int Int32;
+typedef TypeWithSize<4>::UInt UInt32;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int Int64;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::UInt UInt64;
+typedef TypeWithSize<8>::Int TimeInMillis;  // Represents time in milliseconds.
+
+// Utilities for command line flags and environment variables.
+
+// Macro for referencing flags.
+#if !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+# define GTEST_FLAG(name) FLAGS_gtest_##name
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_FLAG)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+# define GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_ 1
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_USE_OWN_FLAGFILE_FLAG_)
+
+#if !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+# define GTEST_FLAG_SAVER_ ::testing::internal::GTestFlagSaver
+
+// Macros for declaring flags.
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_bool_(name) GTEST_API_ extern bool GTEST_FLAG(name)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_int32_(name) \
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name)
+# define GTEST_DECLARE_string_(name) \
+    GTEST_API_ extern ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name)
+
+// Macros for defining flags.
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_bool_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ bool GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_int32_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ ::testing::internal::Int32 GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+# define GTEST_DEFINE_string_(name, default_val, doc) \
+    GTEST_API_ ::std::string GTEST_FLAG(name) = (default_val)
+
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_DECLARE_bool_)
+
+// Thread annotations
+#if !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
+# define GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_(locks)
+# define GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(locks)
+#endif  // !defined(GTEST_EXCLUSIVE_LOCK_REQUIRED_)
+
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes the result
+// to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value unchanged and returns
+// false.
+// FIXME: Find a better way to refactor flag and environment parsing
+// out of both gtest-port.cc and gtest.cc to avoid exporting this utility
+// function.
+bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value);
+
+// Parses a bool/Int32/string from the environment variable
+// corresponding to the given Google Test flag.
+bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_val);
+GTEST_API_ Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_val);
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar();
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_val);
+
+}  // namespace internal
+}  // namespace testing
+
+#endif  // GTEST_INCLUDE_GTEST_INTERNAL_GTEST_PORT_H_