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+// Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
+// All rights reserved.
+//
+// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+// modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+// met:
+//
+// * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+// notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+// * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+// copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
+// in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
+// distribution.
+// * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
+// contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+// this software without specific prior written permission.
+//
+// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+// "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+// A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
+// OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
+// SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+// LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
+// DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
+// THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
+// (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+// OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
+
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <fstream>
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+# include <windows.h>
+# include <io.h>
+# include <sys/stat.h>
+# include <map> // Used in ThreadLocal.
+#else
+# include <unistd.h>
+#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_OS_MAC
+# include <mach/mach_init.h>
+# include <mach/task.h>
+# include <mach/vm_map.h>
+#endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+#if GTEST_OS_QNX
+# include <devctl.h>
+# include <fcntl.h>
+# include <sys/procfs.h>
+#endif // GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+#if GTEST_OS_AIX
+# include <procinfo.h>
+# include <sys/types.h>
+#endif // GTEST_OS_AIX
+
+#if GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+# include <zircon/process.h>
+# include <zircon/syscalls.h>
+#endif // GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+#include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
+#include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
+#include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
+#include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
+
+namespace testing {
+namespace internal {
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
+// MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
+const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
+const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
+#else
+const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
+const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+
+#if GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+namespace {
+template <typename T>
+T ReadProcFileField(const std::string& filename, int field) {
+ std::string dummy;
+ std::ifstream file(filename.c_str());
+ while (field-- > 0) {
+ file >> dummy;
+ }
+ T output = 0;
+ file >> output;
+ return output;
+}
+} // namespace
+
+// Returns the number of active threads, or 0 when there is an error.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ const std::string filename =
+ (Message() << "/proc/" << getpid() << "/stat").GetString();
+ return ReadProcFileField<int>(filename, 19);
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_MAC
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ const task_t task = mach_task_self();
+ mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
+ thread_act_array_t thread_list;
+ const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
+ if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
+ // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
+ // to avoid leaks.
+ vm_deallocate(task,
+ reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
+ sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
+ return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
+ } else {
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_QNX
+
+// Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
+// we cannot detect it.
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
+ if (fd < 0) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ procfs_info process_info;
+ const int status =
+ devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
+ close(fd);
+ if (status == EOK) {
+ return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
+ } else {
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_AIX
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ struct procentry64 entry;
+ pid_t pid = getpid();
+ int status = getprocs64(&entry, sizeof(entry), NULL, 0, &pid, 1);
+ if (status == 1) {
+ return entry.pi_thcount;
+ } else {
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_OS_FUCHSIA
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ int dummy_buffer;
+ size_t avail;
+ zx_status_t status = zx_object_get_info(
+ zx_process_self(),
+ ZX_INFO_PROCESS_THREADS,
+ &dummy_buffer,
+ 0,
+ nullptr,
+ &avail);
+ if (status == ZX_OK) {
+ return avail;
+ } else {
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+#else
+
+size_t GetThreadCount() {
+ // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
+ // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
+ return 0;
+}
+
+#endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX
+
+#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+void SleepMilliseconds(int n) {
+ ::Sleep(n);
+}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle()
+ : handle_(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {}
+
+AutoHandle::AutoHandle(Handle handle)
+ : handle_(handle) {}
+
+AutoHandle::~AutoHandle() {
+ Reset();
+}
+
+AutoHandle::Handle AutoHandle::Get() const {
+ return handle_;
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset() {
+ Reset(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE);
+}
+
+void AutoHandle::Reset(HANDLE handle) {
+ // Resetting with the same handle we already own is invalid.
+ if (handle_ != handle) {
+ if (IsCloseable()) {
+ ::CloseHandle(handle_);
+ }
+ handle_ = handle;
+ } else {
+ GTEST_CHECK_(!IsCloseable())
+ << "Resetting a valid handle to itself is likely a programmer error "
+ "and thus not allowed.";
+ }
+}
+
+bool AutoHandle::IsCloseable() const {
+ // Different Windows APIs may use either of these values to represent an
+ // invalid handle.
+ return handle_ != NULL && handle_ != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE;
+}
+
+Notification::Notification()
+ : event_(::CreateEvent(NULL, // Default security attributes.
+ TRUE, // Do not reset automatically.
+ FALSE, // Initially unset.
+ NULL)) { // Anonymous event.
+ GTEST_CHECK_(event_.Get() != NULL);
+}
+
+void Notification::Notify() {
+ GTEST_CHECK_(::SetEvent(event_.Get()) != FALSE);
+}
+
+void Notification::WaitForNotification() {
+ GTEST_CHECK_(
+ ::WaitForSingleObject(event_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+}
+
+Mutex::Mutex()
+ : owner_thread_id_(0),
+ type_(kDynamic),
+ critical_section_init_phase_(0),
+ critical_section_(new CRITICAL_SECTION) {
+ ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+Mutex::~Mutex() {
+ // Static mutexes are leaked intentionally. It is not thread-safe to try
+ // to clean them up.
+ // FIXME: Switch to Slim Reader/Writer (SRW) Locks, which requires
+ // nothing to clean it up but is available only on Vista and later.
+ // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/desktop/Sync/slim-reader-writer--srw--locks
+ if (type_ == kDynamic) {
+ ::DeleteCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+ delete critical_section_;
+ critical_section_ = NULL;
+ }
+}
+
+void Mutex::Lock() {
+ ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+ ::EnterCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+ owner_thread_id_ = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+}
+
+void Mutex::Unlock() {
+ ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+ // We don't protect writing to owner_thread_id_ here, as it's the
+ // caller's responsibility to ensure that the current thread holds the
+ // mutex when this is called.
+ owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+ ::LeaveCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+}
+
+// Does nothing if the current thread holds the mutex. Otherwise, crashes
+// with high probability.
+void Mutex::AssertHeld() {
+ ThreadSafeLazyInit();
+ GTEST_CHECK_(owner_thread_id_ == ::GetCurrentThreadId())
+ << "The current thread is not holding the mutex @" << this;
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+// Use the RAII idiom to flag mem allocs that are intentionally never
+// deallocated. The motivation is to silence the false positive mem leaks
+// that are reported by the debug version of MS's CRT which can only detect
+// if an alloc is missing a matching deallocation.
+// Example:
+// MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+// critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+//
+class MemoryIsNotDeallocated
+{
+ public:
+ MemoryIsNotDeallocated() : old_crtdbg_flag_(0) {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+ old_crtdbg_flag_ = _CrtSetDbgFlag(_CRTDBG_REPORT_FLAG);
+ // Set heap allocation block type to _IGNORE_BLOCK so that MS debug CRT
+ // doesn't report mem leak if there's no matching deallocation.
+ _CrtSetDbgFlag(old_crtdbg_flag_ & ~_CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF);
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+ }
+
+ ~MemoryIsNotDeallocated() {
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+ // Restore the original _CRTDBG_ALLOC_MEM_DF flag
+ _CrtSetDbgFlag(old_crtdbg_flag_);
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+ }
+
+ private:
+ int old_crtdbg_flag_;
+
+ GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(MemoryIsNotDeallocated);
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+// Initializes owner_thread_id_ and critical_section_ in static mutexes.
+void Mutex::ThreadSafeLazyInit() {
+ // Dynamic mutexes are initialized in the constructor.
+ if (type_ == kStatic) {
+ switch (
+ ::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_, 1L, 0L)) {
+ case 0:
+ // If critical_section_init_phase_ was 0 before the exchange, we
+ // are the first to test it and need to perform the initialization.
+ owner_thread_id_ = 0;
+ {
+ // Use RAII to flag that following mem alloc is never deallocated.
+ MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+ critical_section_ = new CRITICAL_SECTION;
+ }
+ ::InitializeCriticalSection(critical_section_);
+ // Updates the critical_section_init_phase_ to 2 to signal
+ // initialization complete.
+ GTEST_CHECK_(::InterlockedCompareExchange(
+ &critical_section_init_phase_, 2L, 1L) ==
+ 1L);
+ break;
+ case 1:
+ // Somebody else is already initializing the mutex; spin until they
+ // are done.
+ while (::InterlockedCompareExchange(&critical_section_init_phase_,
+ 2L,
+ 2L) != 2L) {
+ // Possibly yields the rest of the thread's time slice to other
+ // threads.
+ ::Sleep(0);
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case 2:
+ break; // The mutex is already initialized and ready for use.
+
+ default:
+ GTEST_CHECK_(false)
+ << "Unexpected value of critical_section_init_phase_ "
+ << "while initializing a static mutex.";
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+namespace {
+
+class ThreadWithParamSupport : public ThreadWithParamBase {
+ public:
+ static HANDLE CreateThread(Runnable* runnable,
+ Notification* thread_can_start) {
+ ThreadMainParam* param = new ThreadMainParam(runnable, thread_can_start);
+ DWORD thread_id;
+ // FIXME: Consider to use _beginthreadex instead.
+ HANDLE thread_handle = ::CreateThread(
+ NULL, // Default security.
+ 0, // Default stack size.
+ &ThreadWithParamSupport::ThreadMain,
+ param, // Parameter to ThreadMainStatic
+ 0x0, // Default creation flags.
+ &thread_id); // Need a valid pointer for the call to work under Win98.
+ GTEST_CHECK_(thread_handle != NULL) << "CreateThread failed with error "
+ << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+ if (thread_handle == NULL) {
+ delete param;
+ }
+ return thread_handle;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ struct ThreadMainParam {
+ ThreadMainParam(Runnable* runnable, Notification* thread_can_start)
+ : runnable_(runnable),
+ thread_can_start_(thread_can_start) {
+ }
+ scoped_ptr<Runnable> runnable_;
+ // Does not own.
+ Notification* thread_can_start_;
+ };
+
+ static DWORD WINAPI ThreadMain(void* ptr) {
+ // Transfers ownership.
+ scoped_ptr<ThreadMainParam> param(static_cast<ThreadMainParam*>(ptr));
+ if (param->thread_can_start_ != NULL)
+ param->thread_can_start_->WaitForNotification();
+ param->runnable_->Run();
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ // Prohibit instantiation.
+ ThreadWithParamSupport();
+
+ GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(ThreadWithParamSupport);
+};
+
+} // namespace
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::ThreadWithParamBase(Runnable *runnable,
+ Notification* thread_can_start)
+ : thread_(ThreadWithParamSupport::CreateThread(runnable,
+ thread_can_start)) {
+}
+
+ThreadWithParamBase::~ThreadWithParamBase() {
+ Join();
+}
+
+void ThreadWithParamBase::Join() {
+ GTEST_CHECK_(::WaitForSingleObject(thread_.Get(), INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
+ << "Failed to join the thread with error " << ::GetLastError() << ".";
+}
+
+// Maps a thread to a set of ThreadIdToThreadLocals that have values
+// instantiated on that thread and notifies them when the thread exits. A
+// ThreadLocal instance is expected to persist until all threads it has
+// values on have terminated.
+class ThreadLocalRegistryImpl {
+ public:
+ // Registers thread_local_instance as having value on the current thread.
+ // Returns a value that can be used to identify the thread from other threads.
+ static ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+ const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+ DWORD current_thread = ::GetCurrentThreadId();
+ MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+ ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+ GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+ ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+ thread_to_thread_locals->find(current_thread);
+ if (thread_local_pos == thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+ thread_local_pos = thread_to_thread_locals->insert(
+ std::make_pair(current_thread, ThreadLocalValues())).first;
+ StartWatcherThreadFor(current_thread);
+ }
+ ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+ ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+ thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+ if (value_pos == thread_local_values.end()) {
+ value_pos =
+ thread_local_values
+ .insert(std::make_pair(
+ thread_local_instance,
+ linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase>(
+ thread_local_instance->NewValueForCurrentThread())))
+ .first;
+ }
+ return value_pos->second.get();
+ }
+
+ static void OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+ const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+ std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+ // Clean up the ThreadLocalValues data structure while holding the lock, but
+ // defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+ {
+ MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+ ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+ GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+ for (ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator it =
+ thread_to_thread_locals->begin();
+ it != thread_to_thread_locals->end();
+ ++it) {
+ ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = it->second;
+ ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+ thread_local_values.find(thread_local_instance);
+ if (value_pos != thread_local_values.end()) {
+ value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+ thread_local_values.erase(value_pos);
+ // This 'if' can only be successful at most once, so theoretically we
+ // could break out of the loop here, but we don't bother doing so.
+ }
+ }
+ }
+ // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+ // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+ }
+
+ static void OnThreadExit(DWORD thread_id) {
+ GTEST_CHECK_(thread_id != 0) << ::GetLastError();
+ std::vector<linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > value_holders;
+ // Clean up the ThreadIdToThreadLocals data structure while holding the
+ // lock, but defer the destruction of the ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+ {
+ MutexLock lock(&mutex_);
+ ThreadIdToThreadLocals* const thread_to_thread_locals =
+ GetThreadLocalsMapLocked();
+ ThreadIdToThreadLocals::iterator thread_local_pos =
+ thread_to_thread_locals->find(thread_id);
+ if (thread_local_pos != thread_to_thread_locals->end()) {
+ ThreadLocalValues& thread_local_values = thread_local_pos->second;
+ for (ThreadLocalValues::iterator value_pos =
+ thread_local_values.begin();
+ value_pos != thread_local_values.end();
+ ++value_pos) {
+ value_holders.push_back(value_pos->second);
+ }
+ thread_to_thread_locals->erase(thread_local_pos);
+ }
+ }
+ // Outside the lock, let the destructor for 'value_holders' deallocate the
+ // ThreadLocalValueHolderBases.
+ }
+
+ private:
+ // In a particular thread, maps a ThreadLocal object to its value.
+ typedef std::map<const ThreadLocalBase*,
+ linked_ptr<ThreadLocalValueHolderBase> > ThreadLocalValues;
+ // Stores all ThreadIdToThreadLocals having values in a thread, indexed by
+ // thread's ID.
+ typedef std::map<DWORD, ThreadLocalValues> ThreadIdToThreadLocals;
+
+ // Holds the thread id and thread handle that we pass from
+ // StartWatcherThreadFor to WatcherThreadFunc.
+ typedef std::pair<DWORD, HANDLE> ThreadIdAndHandle;
+
+ static void StartWatcherThreadFor(DWORD thread_id) {
+ // The returned handle will be kept in thread_map and closed by
+ // watcher_thread in WatcherThreadFunc.
+ HANDLE thread = ::OpenThread(SYNCHRONIZE | THREAD_QUERY_INFORMATION,
+ FALSE,
+ thread_id);
+ GTEST_CHECK_(thread != NULL);
+ // We need to pass a valid thread ID pointer into CreateThread for it
+ // to work correctly under Win98.
+ DWORD watcher_thread_id;
+ HANDLE watcher_thread = ::CreateThread(
+ NULL, // Default security.
+ 0, // Default stack size
+ &ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::WatcherThreadFunc,
+ reinterpret_cast<LPVOID>(new ThreadIdAndHandle(thread_id, thread)),
+ CREATE_SUSPENDED,
+ &watcher_thread_id);
+ GTEST_CHECK_(watcher_thread != NULL);
+ // Give the watcher thread the same priority as ours to avoid being
+ // blocked by it.
+ ::SetThreadPriority(watcher_thread,
+ ::GetThreadPriority(::GetCurrentThread()));
+ ::ResumeThread(watcher_thread);
+ ::CloseHandle(watcher_thread);
+ }
+
+ // Monitors exit from a given thread and notifies those
+ // ThreadIdToThreadLocals about thread termination.
+ static DWORD WINAPI WatcherThreadFunc(LPVOID param) {
+ const ThreadIdAndHandle* tah =
+ reinterpret_cast<const ThreadIdAndHandle*>(param);
+ GTEST_CHECK_(
+ ::WaitForSingleObject(tah->second, INFINITE) == WAIT_OBJECT_0);
+ OnThreadExit(tah->first);
+ ::CloseHandle(tah->second);
+ delete tah;
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ // Returns map of thread local instances.
+ static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() {
+ mutex_.AssertHeld();
+ MemoryIsNotDeallocated memory_is_not_deallocated;
+ static ThreadIdToThreadLocals* map = new ThreadIdToThreadLocals();
+ return map;
+ }
+
+ // Protects access to GetThreadLocalsMapLocked() and its return value.
+ static Mutex mutex_;
+ // Protects access to GetThreadMapLocked() and its return value.
+ static Mutex thread_map_mutex_;
+};
+
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+Mutex ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::thread_map_mutex_(Mutex::kStaticMutex);
+
+ThreadLocalValueHolderBase* ThreadLocalRegistry::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+ const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+ return ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::GetValueOnCurrentThread(
+ thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
+ const ThreadLocalBase* thread_local_instance) {
+ ThreadLocalRegistryImpl::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(thread_local_instance);
+}
+
+#endif // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+
+#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+// Implements RE. Currently only needed for death tests.
+
+RE::~RE() {
+ if (is_valid_) {
+ // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
+ // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
+ // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
+ // being so too.
+ regfree(&partial_regex_);
+ regfree(&full_regex_);
+ }
+ free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
+bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+ if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
+
+ regmatch_t match;
+ return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
+// (including str itself).
+bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+ if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
+
+ regmatch_t match;
+ return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
+}
+
+// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
+void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
+ pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+
+ // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
+ // full match.
+ const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
+ char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
+
+ snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
+ is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
+ // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
+ // previous expression returns false. Otherwise partial_regex_ may
+ // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
+ // freed.
+ //
+ // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
+ // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
+ // regex. We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
+ if (is_valid_) {
+ const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
+ is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
+ }
+ EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
+ << "Regular expression \"" << regex
+ << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
+
+ delete[] full_pattern;
+}
+
+#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+
+// Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
+// terminating '\0' character).
+bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
+ return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification. Unlike
+// similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
+// current locale.
+bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
+bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
+ return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
+}
+bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
+bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
+bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
+ return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
+ ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
+}
+
+// Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
+bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
+ return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
+// matches ch. The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
+bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
+ if (escaped) { // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
+ switch (pattern_char) {
+ case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
+ case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
+ case 'f': return ch == '\f';
+ case 'n': return ch == '\n';
+ case 'r': return ch == '\r';
+ case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
+ case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
+ case 't': return ch == '\t';
+ case 'v': return ch == '\v';
+ case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
+ case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
+ }
+ return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
+ }
+
+ return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
+}
+
+// Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
+static std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
+ return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
+ << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
+}
+
+// Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
+// otherwise returns true.
+bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
+ if (regex == NULL) {
+ // FIXME: fix the source file location in the
+ // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
+ // code.
+ ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ bool is_valid = true;
+
+ // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
+ bool prev_repeatable = false;
+ for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
+ if (regex[i] == '\\') { // An escape sequence
+ i++;
+ if (regex[i] == '\0') {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
+ << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
+ << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
+ is_valid = false;
+ }
+ prev_repeatable = true;
+ } else { // Not an escape sequence.
+ const char ch = regex[i];
+
+ if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+ << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
+ is_valid = false;
+ } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+ << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
+ is_valid = false;
+ } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+ << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
+ is_valid = false;
+ } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
+ ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
+ << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
+ is_valid = false;
+ }
+
+ prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
+ }
+ }
+
+ return is_valid;
+}
+
+// Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
+// expression. The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
+// or \c otherwise. repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
+// or +). The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
+// characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
+// probably time out anyway. We are fine with this limitation as
+// std::string has it too.
+bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
+ bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
+ const char* str) {
+ const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
+ const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
+ static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
+ // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
+ // max() macro on Windows.
+
+ for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
+ // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
+ if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
+ // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
+ // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
+ // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
+ // greedy match.
+ return true;
+ }
+ if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
+ return false;
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str. regex must be a
+// valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
+// result is undefined.
+bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
+ if (*regex == '\0') // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
+ return true;
+
+ // "$" only matches the end of a string. Note that regex being
+ // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
+ if (*regex == '$')
+ return *str == '\0';
+
+ // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
+ const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
+ if (escaped)
+ ++regex;
+ if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
+ // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
+ // here's an indirect recursion. It terminates as the regex gets
+ // shorter in each recursion.
+ return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
+ escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
+ } else {
+ // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
+ // repetition. We match the first atom of regex with the first
+ // character of str and recurse.
+ return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
+ MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
+ }
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str. regex must be
+// a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
+//
+// The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
+// the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
+// stack space normally. In rare cases the time complexity can be
+// exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
+// but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
+bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
+ if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
+ return false;
+
+ if (*regex == '^')
+ return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
+
+ // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
+ do {
+ if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
+ return true;
+ } while (*str++ != '\0');
+ return false;
+}
+
+// Implements the RE class.
+
+RE::~RE() {
+ free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
+ free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
+bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+ return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
+}
+
+// Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
+// (including str itself).
+bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
+ return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
+}
+
+// Initializes an RE from its string representation.
+void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
+ pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
+ if (regex != NULL) {
+ pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
+ }
+
+ is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
+ if (!is_valid_) {
+ // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
+ return;
+ }
+
+ const size_t len = strlen(regex);
+ // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
+ // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
+ // terminate the string with '\0'.
+ char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
+ full_pattern_ = buffer;
+
+ if (*regex != '^')
+ *buffer++ = '^'; // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
+
+ // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
+ // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
+ memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
+ buffer += len;
+
+ if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
+ *buffer++ = '$'; // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
+
+ *buffer = '\0';
+}
+
+#endif // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+
+const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
+
+// Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
+// in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
+ const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
+
+ if (line < 0) {
+ return file_name + ":";
+ }
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+ return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
+#else
+ return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
+#endif // _MSC_VER
+}
+
+// Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
+// Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
+// FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
+// Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
+// to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
+GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
+ const char* file, int line) {
+ const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
+
+ if (line < 0)
+ return file_name;
+ else
+ return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
+}
+
+GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
+ : severity_(severity) {
+ const char* const marker =
+ severity == GTEST_INFO ? "[ INFO ]" :
+ severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
+ severity == GTEST_ERROR ? "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
+ GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
+ << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
+}
+
+// Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
+GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
+ GetStream() << ::std::endl;
+ if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
+ fflush(stderr);
+ posix::Abort();
+ }
+}
+
+// Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
+// this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_PUSH_()
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+// Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
+class CapturedStream {
+ public:
+ // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
+ explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
+# if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+ char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' }; // NOLINT
+ char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' }; // NOLINT
+
+ ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
+ const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
+ "gtest_redir",
+ 0, // Generate unique file name.
+ temp_file_path);
+ GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
+ << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
+ const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
+ GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
+ << temp_file_path;
+ filename_ = temp_file_path;
+# else
+ // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
+ // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
+ // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
+ // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
+# if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+ // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
+ // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
+ // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
+ // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
+ // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
+ // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
+ // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
+ //
+ // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
+ // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
+ // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
+ // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
+ // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
+ // use /sdcard.
+ char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+# else
+ char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
+# endif // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
+ const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
+ filename_ = name_template;
+# endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
+ fflush(NULL);
+ dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
+ close(captured_fd);
+ }
+
+ ~CapturedStream() {
+ remove(filename_.c_str());
+ }
+
+ std::string GetCapturedString() {
+ if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
+ // Restores the original stream.
+ fflush(NULL);
+ dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
+ close(uncaptured_fd_);
+ uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
+ }
+
+ FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
+ const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
+ posix::FClose(file);
+ return content;
+ }
+
+ private:
+ const int fd_; // A stream to capture.
+ int uncaptured_fd_;
+ // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
+ ::std::string filename_;
+
+ GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
+};
+
+GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_DEPRECATED_POP_()
+
+static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
+static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
+
+// Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
+static void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name,
+ CapturedStream** stream) {
+ if (*stream != NULL) {
+ GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
+ << " capturer can exist at a time.";
+ }
+ *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
+static std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
+ const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
+
+ delete *captured_stream;
+ *captured_stream = NULL;
+
+ return content;
+}
+
+// Starts capturing stdout.
+void CaptureStdout() {
+ CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
+}
+
+// Starts capturing stderr.
+void CaptureStderr() {
+ CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
+std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
+ return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
+}
+
+// Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
+std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
+ return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
+}
+
+#endif // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
+
+
+
+
+
+size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
+ fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
+ return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
+}
+
+std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
+ const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
+ char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
+
+ size_t bytes_last_read = 0; // # of bytes read in the last fread()
+ size_t bytes_read = 0; // # of bytes read so far
+
+ fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
+
+ // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
+ // pre-determined file size is reached.
+ do {
+ bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
+ bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
+ } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
+
+ const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
+ delete[] buffer;
+
+ return content;
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs = NULL; // Owned.
+
+std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs() {
+ if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
+ return *g_injected_test_argvs;
+ }
+ return GetArgvs();
+}
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>* new_argvs) {
+ if (g_injected_test_argvs != new_argvs) delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+ g_injected_test_argvs = new_argvs;
+}
+
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector<std::string>& new_argvs) {
+ SetInjectableArgvs(
+ new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+
+#if GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+void SetInjectableArgvs(const std::vector< ::string>& new_argvs) {
+ SetInjectableArgvs(
+ new std::vector<std::string>(new_argvs.begin(), new_argvs.end()));
+}
+#endif // GTEST_HAS_GLOBAL_STRING
+
+void ClearInjectableArgvs() {
+ delete g_injected_test_argvs;
+ g_injected_test_argvs = NULL;
+}
+#endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+
+#if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+namespace posix {
+void Abort() {
+ DebugBreak();
+ TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
+}
+} // namespace posix
+#endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
+
+// Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
+// given flag. For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
+// "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
+static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
+ const std::string full_flag =
+ (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
+
+ Message env_var;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
+ env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
+ }
+
+ return env_var.GetString();
+}
+
+// Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer. If successful, writes
+// the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
+// unchanged and returns false.
+bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
+ // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
+ char* end = NULL;
+ const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10); // NOLINT
+
+ // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
+ if (*end != '\0') {
+ // No - an invalid character was encountered.
+ Message msg;
+ msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
+ << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
+ << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
+ printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+ fflush(stdout);
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
+ const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
+ if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
+ // The parsed value overflows as a long. (strtol() returns
+ // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
+ result != long_value
+ // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
+ ) {
+ Message msg;
+ msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
+ << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
+ << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
+ printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
+ fflush(stdout);
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ *value = result;
+ return true;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+//
+// The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
+bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+ return GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#else
+ const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+ const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+ return string_value == NULL ?
+ default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
+#endif // defined(GTEST_GET_BOOL_FROM_ENV_)
+}
+
+// Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
+// variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
+// doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
+Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+ return GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#else
+ const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+ const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+ if (string_value == NULL) {
+ // The environment variable is not set.
+ return default_value;
+ }
+
+ Int32 result = default_value;
+ if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
+ string_value, &result)) {
+ printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
+ (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
+ fflush(stdout);
+ return default_value;
+ }
+
+ return result;
+#endif // defined(GTEST_GET_INT32_FROM_ENV_)
+}
+
+// As a special case for the 'output' flag, if GTEST_OUTPUT is not
+// set, we look for XML_OUTPUT_FILE, which is set by the Bazel build
+// system. The value of XML_OUTPUT_FILE is a filename without the
+// "xml:" prefix of GTEST_OUTPUT.
+// Note that this is meant to be called at the call site so it does
+// not check that the flag is 'output'
+// In essence this checks an env variable called XML_OUTPUT_FILE
+// and if it is set we prepend "xml:" to its value, if it not set we return ""
+std::string OutputFlagAlsoCheckEnvVar(){
+ std::string default_value_for_output_flag = "";
+ const char* xml_output_file_env = posix::GetEnv("XML_OUTPUT_FILE");
+ if (NULL != xml_output_file_env) {
+ default_value_for_output_flag = std::string("xml:") + xml_output_file_env;
+ }
+ return default_value_for_output_flag;
+}
+
+// Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
+// the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
+const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
+#if defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+ return GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_(flag, default_value);
+#else
+ const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
+ const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
+ return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
+#endif // defined(GTEST_GET_STRING_FROM_ENV_)
+}
+
+} // namespace internal
+} // namespace testing