path: root/src/test-unicode.cpp

#define BOOST_TEST_MODULE unicode_test

#include <boost/locale.hpp>
#include <boost/test/included/unit_test.hpp>
#include <boost/test/data/dataset.hpp>
#include <boost/test/data/monomorphic.hpp>
#include <boost/test/data/test_case.hpp>
#include <boost/version.hpp>
#if BOOST_VERSION > 106700
// CPU Timer in Debian 10 boost is broken, so leave it to std::chrono wall clock
#include <boost/timer/timer.hpp>
#endif

#include <array>
#include <chrono>
#include <codecvt>
#include <deque>
#include <exception>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <random>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <vector>

#include <unicode.h>

#include "test-helper.h"

using namespace std::chrono_literals;
using namespace std::string_literals;

typedef std::tuple<std::basic_string<utf8_t>, std::basic_string<char16_t>, std::basic_string<char32_t>> types_collection_type;

// create tuple of the same string, in UTF-8, UTF-16 and UTF-32
#define SUCCESS_TUPLE(x) {u8 ## x, u ## x, U ## x}

// Interesting Unicode ranges for testing corner cases:
// 0x0        - smallest Unicode value
// 0x7F       - highest 1-byte UTF-8 value
// 0x7FF      - highest 2-byte UTF-8 value
// 0xD800     - smallest UTF-16 low surrogate (invalid range for unicode code points)
// 0xDBFF     - highest UTF-16 low surrogate (invalid range for unicode code points)
// 0xDC00     - smallest UTF-16 high surrogate (invalid range for unicode code points)
// 0xDFFF     - highest UTF-16 high surrogate (invalid range for unicode code points)
// 0xFFFF     - highest 3-byte UTF-8 value, highest 2-byte UTF-16 value
// 0x10FFFF   - highest Unicode value
//            = highest value that can be encoded in UTF-16
// 0x1FFFFF   - highest value that can be encoded in UTF-8 (with 4-byte limit)
// 0xFFFFFFFF - highest value that can be encoded in UTF-32

// Success cases: convert string to all other types, respectively
std::vector<types_collection_type> success_sets {
 SUCCESS_TUPLE(""),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\0"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0"),
 
 // various string
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("ASCII string1"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("Täst just looks like German"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u732b is chinese for cat"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U0001F63A"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U0001F63A is a smiling cat"),
 
 // separators
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("abc\r\ndef"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("äöü\0\u20ac"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("äöü0\u20ac"),

 // UTF-8 specific: 2 bytes encodings
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0080"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0101"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("text1\u0101text2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0101text2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("text1\u0101"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0701"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u07FF"),
 
 // UTF-8 specific: 3 bytes encodings
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0800"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\u0800context2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u0800context2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\u0800"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\u0800\u0901"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\u0800\u0901context"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u1234"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u4321"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\uFFFF"),

 // UTF-8 specific: 4 bytes encodings
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U00010000"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U00043210"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\U00043210context2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U00043210context2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\U00043210"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\U00043210\U00012345"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("context1\U00043210\U00012345context2"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\U0010FFFF"),
 
 // UTF-8 specific: mixed encodings
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("abc\u0123\u4321\U00010000\u1234\u0321xyz"),
 
 // UTF-16 specific: corner cases of surrogates
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\uD7FFcontext\uD7FF"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\uD7FFcontext\uE000"),
 
 // optimization relevant strings
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01234567\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0123456\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("012345\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01234\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0123\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("012\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("\u20ac01234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0123456701234567\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("012345670123456\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01234567012345\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0123456701234\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("012345670123\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01234567012\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("0123456701\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("012345670\u20ac0123456701234567"),
 SUCCESS_TUPLE("01234567\u20ac0123456701234567"),
};

// Error cases: throwing upon convert to all other types
std::vector<std::basic_string<utf8_t>> failure_strings_char8_t {
 // using u8"" here doesn't work on MSVC
 (utf8_t*)"\x80", // utf-8 continuation byte
 (utf8_t*)"text1\x81text2",
 (utf8_t*)"\x82text2",
 (utf8_t*)"text1\x83",

 (utf8_t*)"\xc3\xc3\xa4", // initial byte of utf-8 "ä", followed by valid utf-8 "ä"
 (utf8_t*)"text1\xc3text2\xc3\xa4text3",
 (utf8_t*)"\xc3text2\xc3\xa4text3",
 (utf8_t*)"text1\xc3\xc3\xa4text3",
 (utf8_t*)"text1\xc3text2\xc3\xa4",

 (utf8_t*)"\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff",
 (utf8_t*)"\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff",

 (utf8_t*)"\xF8\x80\x80\x80\x80", // overlong encoding of valid code point
 (utf8_t*)"text1\xF8\x80\x80\x80\x80text2",
 (utf8_t*)"\xF8\x80\x80\x80\x80text2",
 (utf8_t*)"text1\xF8\x80\x80\x80\x80",

 (utf8_t*)"\xF7\xBF\xBF\xBF", // valid encoding of invalid code point
};

std::vector<std::basic_string<char16_t>> failure_strings_char16_t {
 u"\xD801", // single high surrogate
 u"text1\xD801text2",
 u"\xD801text2",
 u"text1\xD801",
 
 u"\xD800\xD800", // double high surrogate
 u"\xD801\xD802",
 u"\xDBFF\xDBFF",
 u"\xDBFE\xDBFD",

 u"\xDFFF", // single low surrogate
 u"text1\xDFFFtext2",
 u"\xDFFFtext2",
 u"text1\xDFFF",
 
 u"\xDFFF\xDFFF", // double low surrogate
 u"\xDC00\xDC00",
 u"\xDC01\xDFFE",
 u"\xDFFE\xDC01",

 u"\xDFFF\xD801", // bad surrogate pair order
 u"text1\xDFFF\xD801text2",
 u"\xDFFF\xD801text2",
 u"text1\xDFFF\xD801",
 u"\xDC00\xDBFF",
 u"\xDC00\xDBFE",
 u"\xDC01\xDBFE",
 u"\xDC01\xDBFF",
};

std::vector<std::basic_string<char32_t>> failure_strings_char32_t {
 U"\xD800 and more text", // invalid unicode (surrogate half)
 U"blabla \xD801", // invalid unicode (surrogate half)
 U"moreblabla \xDFFF", // invalid unicode (surrogate half)
 U"\x10000000", // invalid unicode (number too big)
 U"\x1111111",
 U"\x110000",
 U"\x110001\x110002\x110003",
 U"\x7FFFFFFF",
 U"\xFFFFFFF",
};

// check assumptions about environment
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(string_u8string)
{
 std::string a{"\xc3\xa4"};

 std::basic_string<utf8_t> b{a.begin(), a.end()};

 BOOST_CHECK(b == std::basic_string<utf8_t>{u8"ä"});
 
 a = std::string{b.begin(), b.end()};
 
 BOOST_CHECK(a == std::string{"\xc3\xa4"});

 BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(size_t) == 4 || sizeof(size_t) == 8);

 std::cout << "Detected CPU Accu size: " << (sizeof(size_t) * 8) << std::endl;
}

// check environment: demonstrate how boost convert u8->u8 throws exception on invalid input
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_failure_boost_u8_u8)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t) {
  try {
   auto result1{boost::locale::conv::utf_to_utf<utf8_t, utf8_t>(s, boost::locale::conv::stop)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch(...) {
   // expected
  }
 }
}

// check environment: demonstrate how boost convert u8->u16 throws exception on invalid input
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_failure_boost_u8_u16)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t) {
  try {
   auto result{boost::locale::conv::utf_to_utf<char16_t, utf8_t>(s, boost::locale::conv::stop)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch(...) {
   // expected
  }
 }
}

// check environment: demonstrate how std u8->u8 throws exception on invalid input
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_failure_std_u8_u8)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t) {
  try {
   auto result{std_convert<utf8_t, utf8_t>(s)};
#ifdef _WIN32
   std::cout << "Conversion error from MSVC STDC++ for: "s + std::string{ s.begin(), s.end() } + ", result size: " + std::to_string(result.size()) << std::endl;
   std::cout << "Note: MSVC's implementation is known to be broken, ignoring." << std::endl;
#else
   BOOST_FAIL(("Expected std_convert to fail for: "s + std::string{ s.begin(), s.end() } + ", result size: " + std::to_string(result.size())).c_str());
#endif
  } catch(...) {
   // expected
  }

 }
}

// check environment: demonstrate how std u8->u16 throws exception on invalid input
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_failure_std_u8_u16)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t) {
  try {
   auto result{std_convert<utf8_t, char16_t>(s)};
#ifdef _WIN32
   std::cout << "Conversion error from MSVC STDC++ for: "s + std::string{ s.begin(), s.end() } + ", result size: " + std::to_string(result.size()) << std::endl;
   std::cout << "Note: MSVC's implementation is known to be broken, ignoring." << std::endl;
#else
   BOOST_FAIL(("Expected std_convert to fail for: "s + std::string{ s.begin(), s.end() } + ", result size: " + std::to_string(result.size())).c_str());
#endif
  } catch(...) {
   // expected
  }

 }
}
template<size_t i = 0, size_t j = 0, typename... Ts>
void test_utf_to_utf(std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
 typedef typename std::tuple_element<i,typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::type From;
 typedef typename std::tuple_element<j,typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::type To;

 // test base type interface
 To result { unicode::convert<typename From::value_type, typename To::value_type>(std::get<i>(t)) };
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(std::get<j>(t) == result, "Base: From " << typeid(typename From::value_type).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << ") to " << typeid(typename To::value_type).name() << "(" << j << ", " << std::get<j>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // test container interface
 result = unicode::convert<From, To>(std::get<i>(t));
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(std::get<j>(t) == result, "Container: From " << typeid(From).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << ") to " << typeid(To).name() << "(" << j << ", " << std::get<j>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // test encoding interface
 result = unicode::convert<typename unicode::Encoding_t<typename From::value_type>, typename unicode::Encoding_t<typename To::value_type>>(std::get<i>(t));
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(std::get<j>(t) == result, "Encoding: From " << typeid(From).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << ") to " << typeid(To).name() << "(" << j << ", " << std::get<j>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // test container interface with std::vector instead of std::string
 auto string_value{std::get<i>(t)};
 auto string_reference{std::get<j>(t)};
 std::vector<typename From::value_type> vector_value{string_value.begin(), string_value.end()};
 std::vector<typename To::value_type> vector_reference{string_reference.begin(), string_reference.end()};
 std::vector<typename To::value_type> vector_result { unicode::convert<std::vector<typename From::value_type>, std::vector<typename To::value_type>>(vector_value)};
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(vector_reference == vector_result, "Vector Container: From " << typeid(From).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << ") to " << typeid(To).name() << "(" << j << ", " << std::get<j>(t) << ")");

 // test actual results by comparing with boost::locale::conv results
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result, (boost::locale::conv::utf_to_utf<typename To::value_type, typename From::value_type>(std::get<i>(t))));
 
 // iterate over other combinations
 if constexpr (i + 1 < std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::value)
  test_utf_to_utf<i + 1, j>(t);
 else if constexpr (j + 1 < std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::value)
  test_utf_to_utf<0, j + 1>(t);
}

// We don't use BOOST_DATA_TEST_CASE here because boost::test tries to assign
// a new variable to each tuple element which we don't want
// https://lists.boost.org/boost-bugs/2016/05/45214.php

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_success)
{
 for (auto& t: success_sets)
  test_utf_to_utf(t);
}

template<size_t i = 0, typename... Ts>
void test_is_valid_utf(std::tuple<Ts...>& t)
{
 typedef typename std::tuple_element<i,typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::type T;

 // test via basic type
 bool result { unicode::is_valid_utf<typename T::value_type>(std::get<i>(t)) };
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(result == true, "is_valid_utf w/ " << typeid(typename T::value_type).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // test via container type
 result = unicode::is_valid_utf<T>(std::get<i>(t));
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(result == true, "is_valid_utf w/ " << typeid(T).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // test via Encoding
 result = unicode::is_valid_utf<typename unicode::Encoding_t<typename T::value_type>>(std::get<i>(t));
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(result == true, "is_valid_utf w/ " << typeid(typename unicode::Encoding_t<typename T::value_type>).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << "), got " << result);
 
 // test via other container type
 auto string_value{std::get<i>(t)};
 std::vector<typename T::value_type> vector_value{string_value.begin(), string_value.end()};
 result = unicode::is_valid_utf<std::vector<typename T::value_type>>(vector_value);
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(result == true, "is_valid_utf w/ " << typeid(T).name() << "(" << i << ", " << std::get<i>(t) << "), got " << result);

 // iterate over other combinations
 if constexpr (i + 1 < std::tuple_size<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(t)>::type>::value)
  test_is_valid_utf<i + 1>(t);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(is_valid_utf_success)
{
 for (auto& t: success_sets)
  test_is_valid_utf(t);
}

// iterate over std::tuple T types
template<typename From, typename Collection, size_t index = 0>
void test_utf_to_utf_failure(std::basic_string<From>& s)
{
 typedef typename std::tuple_element<index, Collection>::type::value_type To;

 // via base type
 try {
  (void) unicode::convert<From,To>(s);
  BOOST_ERROR("Base type: Expected exception at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(From).name() << " -> " << typeid(To).name());
 } catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
  // OK: this is an expected exception for convert() on bad input
 } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
  BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert(): " << ex.what());
 };

 // via container
 try {
  (void) unicode::convert<typename unicode::Encoding_t<From>::string_type, typename unicode::Encoding_t<To>::string_type>(s);
  BOOST_ERROR("Container type: Expected exception at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(From).name() << " -> " << typeid(To).name());
 } catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
  // OK: this is an expected exception for convert() on bad input
 } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
  BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert(): " << ex.what());
 };

 // via encoding
 try {
  (void) unicode::convert<typename unicode::Encoding_t<From>,typename unicode::Encoding_t<To>>(s);
  BOOST_ERROR("Encoding: Expected exception at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(From).name() << " -> " << typeid(To).name());
 } catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
  // OK: this is an expected exception for convert() on bad input
 } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
  BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert(): " << ex.what());
 };

 // via other container type
 try {
  std::vector<From> vector_value{s.begin(), s.end()};
  (void) unicode::convert<std::vector<From>, std::vector<To>>(vector_value);
  BOOST_ERROR("Vector container type: Expected exception at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(From).name() << " -> " << typeid(To).name());
 } catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
  // OK: this is an expected exception for convert() on bad input
 } catch (const std::exception& ex) {
  BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert(): " << ex.what());
 };

 // iterate over remaining types 
 if constexpr (index + 1 < std::tuple_size<Collection>::value)
  test_utf_to_utf_failure<From, Collection, index + 1>(s);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(utf_to_utf_failure)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t)
  test_utf_to_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);
 
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char16_t)
  test_utf_to_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);

 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char32_t)
  test_utf_to_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);
}

// iterate over std::tuple T types
template<typename T, typename Collection, size_t index = 0>
void test_is_valid_utf_failure(std::basic_string<T>& s)
{
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(unicode::is_valid_utf<T>(s) == false, "Expected bad UTF at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(T).name());
 
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(unicode::is_valid_utf<typename std::basic_string<T>>(s) == false, "Expected bad UTF at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(T).name());
 
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(unicode::is_valid_utf<typename unicode::Encoding_t<T>>(s) == false, "Expected bad UTF at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(typename unicode::Encoding_t<T>).name());

 std::vector<T> vector_value{s.begin(), s.end()};
 BOOST_CHECK_MESSAGE(unicode::is_valid_utf<typename std::vector<T>>(vector_value) == false, "Expected bad UTF at index: " << index << ", " << typeid(T).name());

 // iterate over remaining types 
 if constexpr (index + 1 < std::tuple_size<Collection>::value)
  test_is_valid_utf_failure<T, Collection, index + 1>(s);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(is_valid_utf_failure)
{
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char8_t)
  test_is_valid_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);
 
 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char16_t)
  test_is_valid_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);

 for (auto& s: failure_strings_char32_t)
  test_is_valid_utf_failure<typename std::remove_reference<decltype(s)>::type::value_type, types_collection_type>(s);
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(is_valid_unicode)
{
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode('\0'));
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode(U'a'));
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode(U'ä'));
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode(U'\u732b')); // cat chinese
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode(U'\U0001F63A')); // cat chinese
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_unicode(0x0001F63A)); // cat smiley

 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0x00110000));
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0xFFFFFFFF)); // U"\UFFFFFFFF" is invalid C++
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0x01234567));
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0x12345678));
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0xD800));
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0xD987));
 BOOST_CHECK(!unicode::is_valid_unicode(0xDFFF));
}

// Test ISO encodings
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(convert_iso)
{
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_1>({})}) == std::string{});
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_1>("abc")}) == std::string{"abc"});
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_1>("\xe4\xf6\xfc")}) == std::string{"\xe4\xf6\xfc"}); // Latin-1 äöü
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_1>("\xa4")}) == std::string{"\xa4"}); // €
 
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_15>({})}) == std::string{});
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_15>("abc")}) == std::string{"abc"});
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_15>("\xe4\xf6\xfc")}) == std::string{"\xe4\xf6\xfc"}); // Latin-1 äöü
 
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_15,unicode::ISO_8859_15>("\xa4")}) == std::string{"\xa4"}); // €
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_15>("\xa4")}), std::invalid_argument);
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_15,unicode::ISO_8859_1>("\xa4")}), std::invalid_argument); // € not available in ISO-8859-1
}

// Test conversion between ISO and UTF encodings
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(convert_iso_utf)
{
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(u8"\u20ac")}), std::invalid_argument);
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(u"\u20ac")}), std::invalid_argument);
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(U"\u20ac")}), std::invalid_argument);
 
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(u8"\u20ac")}) == std::string{"\xa4"}); // €
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(u"\u20ac")}) == std::string{"\xa4"}); // €
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(U"\u20ac")}) == std::string{"\xa4"}); // €
 
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(u8"\u00A4")}), std::invalid_argument); // currency sign: Latin-1, but not Latin-15
 BOOST_CHECK((std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(u8"\u00A4")}) == std::string{"\xa4"});

 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(u8"\u732b")}), std::invalid_argument);
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(u"\u732b")}), std::invalid_argument);
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW(((void)std::string{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(U"\u732b")}), std::invalid_argument);
}

// Test UTF encodings
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(convert_utf)
{
 BOOST_CHECK_THROW((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::UTF_8>(std::u32string{(char32_t*)"\x00\xD8\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"})) , std::invalid_argument);

 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::UTF_16>(u8"abc")) == std::u16string{u"abc"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::UTF_16>(U"abc")) == std::u16string{u"abc"});
 
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::UTF_16>(u8"a\0bc")) == std::u16string{u"a\0bc"});

 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<utf8_t,char16_t>(u8"abc")) == std::u16string{u"abc"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<char32_t,char16_t>(U"abc")) == std::u16string{u"abc"});

 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<char, char32_t>("äöü")) == std::u32string{U"äöü"});

 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::UTF_32>(u"\xD800\xDC00")) == std::u32string{U"\U00010000"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::UTF_32>(u"\xD800\xDC01")) == std::u32string{U"\U00010001"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::UTF_32>(u"\xD810\xDC01")) == std::u32string{U"\U00014001"});

 // vector
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::vector<char>, std::vector<char16_t>>(std::vector<char>{})) == std::vector<char16_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::vector<char>, std::vector<char16_t>>(std::vector<char>{'\xc3', '\xa4', '\xc3', '\xb6', '\xc3', '\xbc'})) == (std::vector<char16_t>{u'ä', u'ö', u'ü'}));

 // deque
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::deque<char>, std::deque<wchar_t>>(std::deque<char>{})) == std::deque<wchar_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::deque<char>, std::deque<wchar_t>>(std::deque<char>{'\xc3', '\xa4', '\xc3', '\xb6', '\xc3', '\xbc'})) == (std::deque<wchar_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
 // yet unsupported:
 //BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<utf8_t, char16_t>(std::deque<utf8_t>{u8'\xc3', u8'\xa4', u8'\xc3', u8'\xb6', u8'\xc3', u8'\xbc'})) == (std::deque<char16_t>{u'ä', u'ö', u'ü'}));
 //BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8, unicode::UTF_16>(std::deque<utf8_t>{u8'\xc3', u8'\xa4', u8'\xc3', u8'\xb6', u8'\xc3', u8'\xbc'})) == (std::deque<char16_t>{u'ä', u'ö', u'ü'}));
 
 // deque with uint8_t, uint16_t
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::deque<uint8_t>, std::deque<uint16_t>>(std::deque<uint8_t>{})) == std::deque<uint16_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::deque<uint8_t>, std::deque<uint16_t>>(std::deque<uint8_t>{0xc3, 0xa4, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xc3, 0xbc})) == (std::deque<uint16_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
 
 // deque with int8_t, int16_t
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::deque<int8_t>, std::deque<int16_t>>(std::deque<int8_t>{
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xc3),
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xa4),
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xc3),
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xb6),
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xc3),
                                                                        static_cast<int8_t>(0xbc)})) == (std::deque<int16_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
 
 // list
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::list<uint8_t>, std::list<uint16_t>>(std::list<uint8_t>{})) == std::list<uint16_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::list<uint8_t>, std::list<uint16_t>>(std::list<uint8_t>{0xc3, 0xa4, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xc3, 0xbc})) == (std::list<uint16_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));

 // list -> deque
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::list<uint8_t>, std::deque<uint16_t>>(std::list<uint8_t>{})) == std::deque<uint16_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::list<uint8_t>, std::deque<uint16_t>>(std::list<uint8_t>{0xc3, 0xa4, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xc3, 0xbc})) == (std::deque<uint16_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
 
 // array
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::array<uint8_t, 0>, std::list<uint16_t>>(std::array<uint8_t, 0>{})) == std::list<uint16_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::array<uint8_t, 6>, std::list<uint16_t>>(std::array<uint8_t, 6>{0xc3, 0xa4, 0xc3, 0xb6, 0xc3, 0xbc})) == (std::list<uint16_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
}

// wchar_t specific tests: system dependent
BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(convert_wstring)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
 BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(wchar_t) == 2);
#else // Unix like
 BOOST_CHECK(sizeof(wchar_t) == 4);
#endif

 // For the following checks, wchar_t size and encoding is system dependent:
 // Windows: UTF-16
 // Linux: UTF-32
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<char, wchar_t>("äöü")) == std::wstring{L"äöü"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<char, wchar_t>("\u732b")) == std::wstring{L"\u732b"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<char, wchar_t>("\U0001F63A")) == std::wstring{L"\U0001F63A"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<wchar_t, char32_t>(L"\U0001F63A")) == std::u32string{U"\U0001F63A"});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<wchar_t, utf8_t>(L"\U0001F63A")) == std::basic_string<utf8_t>{(utf8_t*)"\U0001F63A"});

 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::string, std::wstring>(std::string{"äöü"})) == std::wstring{L"äöü"});
 
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::vector<char>, std::vector<wchar_t>>(std::vector<char>{})) == std::vector<wchar_t>{});
 BOOST_CHECK((unicode::convert<std::vector<char>, std::vector<wchar_t>>(std::vector<char>{'\xc3', '\xa4', '\xc3', '\xb6', '\xc3', '\xbc'})) == (std::vector<wchar_t>{L'ä', L'ö', L'ü'}));
 
 std::u16string u16_value{u"\U0001F63A"};
 std::u32string u32_value{U"\U0001F63A"};
 std::wstring w_value{L"\U0001F63A"};

 std::u16string result_u16_value{unicode::convert<std::wstring, std::u16string>(w_value)};
 std::u32string result_u32_value{unicode::convert<std::wstring, std::u32string>(w_value)};
 std::wstring result_w_value_1{unicode::convert<std::u16string, std::wstring>(u16_value)};
 std::wstring result_w_value_2{unicode::convert<std::u32string, std::wstring>(u32_value)};

 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(u16_value.size(), 2);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(u32_value.size(), 1);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_u16_value.size(), 2);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_u32_value.size(), 1);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(u16_value, result_u16_value);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(u32_value, result_u32_value);
 BOOST_CHECK(w_value == result_w_value_1);
 BOOST_CHECK(w_value == result_w_value_2);
#ifdef _WIN32
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(w_value.size(), 2);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_w_value_1.size(), 2);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_w_value_2.size(), 2);
#else // Unix like
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(w_value.size(), 1);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_w_value_1.size(), 1);
 BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL(result_w_value_2.size(), 1);
#endif

}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(is_valid_utf)
{
 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_utf<char16_t>(u"äöü"));

 BOOST_CHECK(unicode::is_valid_utf<unicode::UTF_8>(u8"äöü"));
}

BOOST_AUTO_TEST_CASE(exceptions)
{
 { // UTF-8: Incomplete string
  std::vector<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t)'\xC0'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<utf8_t>,std::vector<char16_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad input: Not enough bytes left for decoding UTF-8 sequence"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // UTF-8: Encoded value too high 
  std::vector<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t)'\xF7', (utf8_t)'\xBF', (utf8_t)'\xBF', (utf8_t)'\xBF'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<utf8_t>,std::vector<char16_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid Unicode character: 2097151"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }
 
 { // UTF-8: Overlong encoding
  std::vector<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t)'\xF8', (utf8_t)'\x80', (utf8_t)'\x80', (utf8_t)'\x80', (utf8_t)'\x80'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<utf8_t>,std::vector<char16_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad UTF-8 input: Invalid 4 byte sequence"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }
 
 { // UTF-16: Incomplete currogate encoding
  std::vector<char16_t> x{(char16_t)u'\xD800'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<char16_t>,std::vector<char32_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad input: Continuation of first UTF-16 unit missing"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }
 
 { // UTF-16: Invalid surrogates encoding
  std::vector<char16_t> x{(char16_t)u'\xD800', (char16_t)u'\xD800'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<char16_t>,std::vector<char32_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad input: 2 malformed UTF-16 surrogates"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // UTF-32: Invalid value
  std::vector<char32_t> x{(char32_t)U'\xFFFFFFFF'};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<std::vector<char32_t>,std::vector<utf8_t>>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid Unicode character: 4294967295"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // ISO: Invalid value (from Unicode)
  std::u32string x{U"\U00000123"};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad ISO 8859 value above 255: 291"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // ISO: Invalid 8-bit value that can't be mapped (from Unicode)
  std::u32string x{U"\U000000BC"};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_32,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad Unicode value to map to ISO 8859-15: 188"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // ISO: Invalid 8-bit value that can't be mapped between ISO-8859-1 and ISO-8859-15
  std::string x{"\xBC"};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_1,unicode::ISO_8859_15>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad Unicode value to map to ISO 8859-15: 188"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // ISO: Invalid 8-bit value that can't be mapped between ISO-8859-1 and ISO-8859-15
  std::string x{"\xBC"};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::ISO_8859_15,unicode::ISO_8859_1>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Bad ISO 8859 value above 255: 338"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

 { // Conversion from UTF-x to UTF-x: Fast mode just validating (resulting in error)
  std::u16string x{u"\xD800"};
  try {
   auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_16,unicode::UTF_16>(x)};
   BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
  } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
   BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid UTF input"s, ex.what());
  } catch (...) {
   BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
  }
 }

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__linux__)
 if constexpr (sizeof(size_t) == 8) {

  { // Optimization: UTF-8 decoding invalid Unicode value in 3 byte sequence
   std::basic_string<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t*)"\xED\xA0\x80  aaa"};
   try {
    auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::UTF_16>(x)};
    BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
   } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid Unicode character in 3 byte UTF-8 sequence"s, ex.what());
   } catch (...) {
    BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
   }
  }

  { // Optimization: UTF-8 decoding invalid Unicode value in 4 byte sequence
   std::basic_string<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t*)"\xF7\xBF\xBF\xBF aaa"};
   try {
    auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::UTF_16>(x)};
    BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
   } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid Unicode character in 4 byte UTF-8 sequence"s, ex.what());
   } catch (...) {
    BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
   }
  }

  { // Optimization: UTF-8 decoding invalid byte sequence
   std::basic_string<utf8_t> x{(utf8_t*)"\xC0 aabbbb"};
   try {
    auto result{unicode::convert<unicode::UTF_8,unicode::UTF_16>(x)};
    BOOST_FAIL("Expected boost convert to fail");
   } catch (const std::invalid_argument& ex) {
    BOOST_CHECK_EQUAL("Invalid UTF-8 byte sequence"s, ex.what());
   } catch (...) {
    BOOST_ERROR("Unexpected error on convert");
   }
  }

 }
#endif

}